Strawberry production in Paraguay is carried out by small producers, using minimal technology and obtaining low productivity, with the need to expand strawberry genotypes and production techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate fruit quality of strawberry genotypes according to vernalization. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement 14x2 was performed; factors were genotypes and chilling using 15 plants per treatment and three replicates. Plants were kept in cold room at 5°C, with 8 hours of artificial light and 16 of darkness for a period of 25 days. Five fruits were used per treatment and were evaluated as follows: the amount of total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity, length/diameter ratio, calyx diameter/fruit diameter ratio, peduncle length and mass loss in postharvest. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance simple factorial scheme and averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Vernalization of strawberry plants did not affect fruit shape or total soluble solids content, but increased the percentage of citric acid. Length of peduncle and calix extension had achieved an increasing due to vernalization and decreased postharvest loss of fresh mass, but did not affect fruit preservation at 5°C. Festival and Florida Eliane genotypes may be recommended for in natura consumption and Dover and Oso Grande genotypes for industry.Key-words: Citric acid; mass loss; temperature; total soluble solids; titratable acidity. ResumenLa producción de frutilla en Paraguay es realizada por pequeños productores, usando escasa tecnología y obtención de baja productividad, con la necesidad de ampliar los genotipos y la tecnología utilizada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de frutos de genotipos de frutilla en función a la vernalización. El diseño utilizado fue el de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 14x2. Los factores estuvieron constituidos por los genotipos y la vernalización con 15 plantas por tratamiento y tres repeticiones. Las mudas fueron mantenidas en cámara fría a 5°C, con 8 horas luz artificial y 16 de oscuridad por un periodo de 25 días. Se utilizaron cinco frutos por tratamiento y fueron evaluadas la cantidad de sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, relación de sólidos solubles totales con acidez titulable, relación longitud/diámetro, relación: diámetro del cáliz/diámetro del fruto, longitud del pedúnculo y pérdida de masa en postcosecha. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza en esquema factorial simple y las medias comparadas por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. La vernalización de las mudas no afectó la forma de los frutos de frutilla ni el contenido de sólidos solubles totales, pero aumentó el porcentaje de ácido cítrico. Así mismo, aumentaron la longitud del pedúnculo de la planta y la extensión del cáliz del fruto. Por otro lado, la vernalización disminuyó la pérdida postcosecha de masa fresca, pero no afectó la conservación de ...

Strawberry plant yields improve if they accumulate a certain number of cold hours, which does not occur naturally under tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. This study evaluated the agronomic characteristics of potted transplants from 14 strawberry genotypes that had been subjected to vernalization treatment prior to planting in the field. The transplants were stored in a cold chamber at 5°C for 576 h. The genotypes used in the experiment were Camino Real, Festival, Florida Eliane, Sweet Charliefp, Sweet Charlie, Dover, IAC Guaraní, Corea, Early Bright, and hybrid clones Dover × Rosalinda1 Dover × Rosalinda4, Dover × Oso Grande, Dover × Esplendida, and Dover × Aichi. The 14 genotypes in the control group received no vernalization treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 15 plants. A randomized complete blocks experimental design was used with a 14 × 2 factorial arrangement and three repetitions. Subjecting the strawberry transplants to the vernalization treatment had a significant effect on the total number of fruits per plant and total and commercial yield of fruits per plant, but there was no significant interaction between the factors and the evaluated yield and growth characteristics. Dover × Oso Grande, Florida Eliane, Camino Real, and Festival produced the greatest numbers of large fruits per plant. Vernalizing strawberry transplants increased the yield and the number of medium and small sized fruits per plant. The results showed that vernalization is a technique that could be used in tropical climate conditions to improve strawberry cultivation productivity.

This work evaluated the potential production and quality of daughter plants of 20 strawberry genotypes produced in containers in a protected environment. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks with three repetitions. It was evaluated: number of daughter plants produced per mother plant, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, crown diameter, fresh, and dry mass of the aerial part and the root system. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey test at a 5% probability. Cultivars responded differently in the production of daughter plants, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the root system. The results showed that the Dover x Esplendida genotype presented the largest number of daughter plants, while Sabrina had the highest fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and fresh mass of the root system. Sweet Charlie FP and Sabrina stood out for the high dry matter content of the root system. There were no differences in the variables leaf area, root length, and crown diameter. The daughter plants produced by the evaluated genotypes presented the minimum requirements in terms of the number of leaves and crown diameter.

A alface é a hortaliça folhosa mais cultivada e consumida no Paraguai. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de variedades de alface tipo crespa produzidas em ambiente protegido no período de verão, nas condições do distrito de J. Augusto Saldívar, Departamento Central, Paraguai. Foram avaliadas 12 variedades (Alana, Vanda, Isabella, Graciela, Elba, Milena, Valentina, Jade, Brisa, Isadora, Invicta e Jonction). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. A colheita foi realizada 31 dias após o transplante e as variáveis avaliadas foram: diâmetro do caule, diâmetro e altura da planta, comprimento do caule e da raiz, número de folhas comerciais por planta, massa fresca total e comercial por planta, além do desempenho comercial por área. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A variedade Invicta apresentou a maior altura e diâmetro da planta. As variedades Jonction e Jade são as mais produtivas e possuem o maior número de folhas por planta.

La aplicación de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento vegetal a través de la inoculación favorece la nutrición mineral, incrementando la disponibilidad de nutrientes, así aumentan la producción de granos de soja. El objetivo general fue evaluar la aplicación de dosis de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento vegetal, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense y Pseudomonas fluorescens, en la producción del cultivo de soja. El experimento con soja en sistema siembra directa se realizó en el distrito de Minga Guazú, departamento de Alto Paraná, en el periodo de octubre de 2016 a febrero de 2017, utilizando un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Las dosis aplicadas del inoculante fueron: 0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375 y 450 ml ha-1. El inoculante fue aplicado a las semillas en el momento de la siembra. En la etapa de desarrollo fenológico R5, R6 y R7 fueron evaluadas la altura de planta, producción de masa seca aérea, producción de masa seca de raíces, número de nudos, número de nódulos de raíces, número de vainas, número de granos por vainas y distribución de número de granos por vaina; masa de mil semillas y rendimiento de granos. Se realizó análisis de varianza, comparación de medias por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error y análisis de regresión. Las variables analizadas en el cultivo de soja no presentaron efecto significativo a la inoculación, a excepción del rendimiento de granos que obtuvo una respuesta significativa, alcanzando un valor máximo de 5036 kg ha-1 con la dosis de 140 ml ha-1. La aplicación de inoculantes aumenta la producción de granos de soja.