<b>PERANAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM MENGENDALIKAN SUHU UDARA DAN URBAN HEAT ISLAND WILAYAH JABOTABEK</b><br> (THE ROLE OF URBAN GREEN SPACE IN HARNESSING AIR TEMPERATURE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND. EXEMPLIFIED BY JABOTABEK AREA)

Abstract

&lt;p&gt;This study attempts to develop a functional relationship between air temperature and urban green space using Landsat data. It also aims to estimate the contributions of various forcings, namely, urban green space, population density, urban area, and automobile densities on urban heat island. Subsequently, the impact of urban heat island on temperature humidity index will be assessed quantitatively, followed by surface energy budget analysis of Jabotabek area. Air temperature series are derived from Landsat data, including the NDVI which is used as the bases in generating urban green space of the study area. Principal Component Analysis is utilized in order to establish the relative importance of forcing variables on urban heat island; in order to simplify the structure of factor loadings a varimax rotation is carried out. It is found that air temperature and urban green space for the study area is best represented by a nonlinear equation when a maximum coefficient determination (R2adj) and a minimum standard deviation (S) are to be fulfilled. A 10 to 50% reduction in urban green space would bring air temperature to raise between 0,2 to 1,8 oC. It is interesting to note that this study reveals the same percentage increase in urban green space would only lower the temperature by 0,1 to 0,5 oC. Automobile density is found to be the most important forcing for urban heat island in Jakarta; on the other hand, urban green space is the most dominant forcing in Tangerang and Bekasi. Surface energy budget analysis indicated that the an increase of 1,0 oC in urban heat island would result in additional 80,3 and 69,0 Wm-2 sensible heat fluxes to submedium (G) and to air, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

Hubungan Perubahan Kerapatan Vegetasi dan Bangunan terhadap Suhu Permukaan Lahan: Studi Kasus di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Surakarta

“…Secara umum, suhu permukaan maksimum ditemukan di pusat-pusat perkotaan dengan penurunan berkala menuju daerah pedesaan dan pinggiran kota (Azhura, 2019). Menurut Effendi (Effendi, Bey, Zain, & Santosa, 2007), suhu permukaan adalah ukuran energi yang terkandung di permukaan bumi, biasanya dinyatakan dalam derajat Celcius atau Kelvin. Prinsip dasar penginderaan jauh adalah penggunaan sensor panjang gelombang untuk mendeteksi energi gelombang elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan atau dipantulkan dari permukaan.…”

“…Suhu permukaan berasal dari energi yang dipancarkan dari permukaan. Sensor satelit yang digunakan dalam pendeteksian adalah sensor thermal infrared (Effendi et al, 2007).…”

Opportunities and challenges of urban green open space for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Bogor, West Java

“…The decrease in temperature in Bogor City is presumed to have occurred because the Bogor City government began to focus on expanding green open space and enclosing built-up land. According to [19] Bogor City has surface land that tends to be wet due to the amount of vegetation that grows, this results in Bogor City's air temperature not experiencing a significant increase in temperature. According to [19] the existence of Bogor Botanical Garden as a green space contributes positively to reducing the heat of the city.…”

“…According to [19] Bogor City has surface land that tends to be wet due to the amount of vegetation that grows, this results in Bogor City's air temperature not experiencing a significant increase in temperature. According to [19] the existence of Bogor Botanical Garden as a green space contributes positively to reducing the heat of the city. Another benefit of the existence of Bogor Botanical Garden can provide urban microclimate comfort.…”

“…This fact is a breath of fresh air for Bogor City, but the threat of rising air temperatures remains if the city government does not manage the built-up area which is one of the factors of rising air temperatures. According to [19], the increase in urban temperature in Bogor City is dominated by the expansion of built-up land. Bogor's green spaces in the form of fields, city parks, urban forests, and moorlands must be maintained.…”