Railway system is composed of many sub-systems such as overhead contact lines, vehicles, tracks and structures, which interact with each other and show complex dynamic behaviors. We are working on the elucidation of and countermeasures for railway-specific phenomena caused by the interaction of sub-systems, such as damage due to natural disasters, train running safety, and deterioration of structures, using our own simulation and experiment/measurement technologies. This report introduces examples of recent research in the field of railway dynamics, related to improvement of resilience against natural disasters, digitalization of structure maintenance, hybridization of OCL/pantograph simulation, and weight reduction of train car bodies.