Loyalty Conflict, Feelings of Unfairness, and Young Adults' Individuation Difficulties in Separated and Nonseparated Families

Young Adults’ Individuation with Mother and Father as a Function of Dysfunctional Family Patterns, Gender and Parental Divorce

“…These findings support previous results (e.g., Manzi et al, 2015;Mayseless & Scharf, 2009;Parmiani et al, 2012;Perrin et al, 2013) and theories (Bowen, 1978;Jurkovic, 1998;Minuchin, 1974) that found that family dynamics characterized by boundary diffusion hinder young adults' individuation. As expected, the association between DFP and individuation subscales varied as a function of the parent's gender.…”

“…Triangulation implies involving children in ongoing marital disputes, putting pressure on children to take sides, or competing for children's affection (Buchanan, Maccoby, & Dornbusch, 1991, 1996Minuchin, 1974). Some studies demonstrate that, during young adulthood, children with divorced parents still tend to experience more emotional parentification (emotional caregiving) than their counterparts with married parents (Bertoni, Iafrate, Carrà, & Valls, in press;Jurkovic et al, 2001;Parmiani et al, 2012;Perrin et al, 2013;Valls-Vidal et al, 2012). They also report more triangulation than the nondivorced group (Afifi & Schrodt, 2003;Perrin et al, 2013;Valls-Vidal et al, 2012).…”

“…Recently, some studies have confirmed that the presence of dynamics that involve boundary diffusion make reaching individuation difficult (Manzi, Parise, Iafrate, Sedikides, & Vignoles, 2015;Mayseless & Scharf, 2009;Parmiani, Iafrate, & Giuliani, 2012;Perrin, Ehrenberg, & Hunter, 2013). Although these studies have been carried out with participants from several countries and cultures, few studies (e.g., Parra, Oliva, & Sánchez-Queijo, 2015) analyze the process of individuation on the family of origin in Spain.…”

“…In addition, the father-child relationship changes progressively toward a peer-like relationship, whereas the mother-child relationship is already almost symmetric at the start of young adulthood (Buhl, 2000;Buhl, Wittmann, & Noack, 2003;Furman & Buhrmester, 1992). These differences in intergenerational relationships according to the parents' gender have been of interest for some researchers, who have analyzed individuation with mother (IM) and the individuation with father (IF) independently (Buhl, 2008;Hofman & Weiss, 1987;Parmiani et al, 2012;Walper, Schwarz, & Jurasic, 1996). For this reason, it is likely that, on the one hand, the presence of DFP will have different consequences in relation to IM and IF.…”

Characteristics of Childhood Parentification and Its Effects on the Individual

“…Yeni bir yere taşınma, ekonomik güçlükler, ebeveynin yas dönemi, eski eşle ilişkilerin düzenlenmesi, ev işlerinde sorumlulukların artması gibi süreçler nedeniyle, başta anne olmak üzere ebeveynler çocuklarından daha fazla destek isteyebilirler (Jurkovic, Thirkield ve Morrell, 2001;Peris ve Emery, 2005). Bu görüşlerle paralel olarak, ergenlerle (Hetherington, 1999) ve yetişkinlerle (Parmiani, Iafrate ve Giuliani, 2012;Perrin, Ehrenberg ve Hunter, 2013) yürütülen çalışmalarda da boşanmış ailelerden gelen çocukların daha fazla araçsal ve duygusal ebeveynleşme bildirdikleri ortaya konmuştur. Özellikle ilk ve tek çocukların daha çok eş rolü üstelendikleri dikkati çekmektedir (Andsager, 2015;Johnson, 1999).…”