Lower Urinary Tract Infection

Karram, Mickey M.; Kleeman, Steven D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-02902-5.50038-1

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The fifth category, reinfection, occurs where there has been no growth after a treated infection, but then the same organism regrows two weeks after therapy, or when a different microorganism grows during any period of time. 9,10 This accounts for 95% of RUTIs in women. Bacterial persistence happens when therapy is impaired by the accumulation of bacteria in a location that cannot be reached by antibiotics, such as infected stones, urethral diverticula and infected paraurethral glands.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Management in Women : A Review = الإلتهابات المتكررة للمسالك البولية عند النساء و طرق علاجها : مراجعة

Al‐Badr

Al‐Shaikh

2013

SQUMJ

176

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U rinary tract infections (UTIs) occur more often in women than in men, at a ratio of 8:1. Approximately 50-60% of women report at least one UTI in their lifetime, and one in three will have at least one symptomatic UTI necessitating antibiotic treatment by age 24. [1][2][3] Normally, the urinary tract is sterile, but bacteria may rise from the perianal region, possibly leading to UTI. Pathogens in the bladder may stay silent or can cause irritative symptoms like urinary frequency and urgency, and 8% of women may have asymptomatic bacteriuria. If bacteria enter the blood stream, they could cause severe complications, including septicaemia, shock and, rarely, death. 4,5 The definition of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is three UTIs with three positive urine cultures during a 12-month period, or two infections during the previous 6 months. [5][6][7][8] This article provides an up-to-date review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management and prevention of RUTIs in women. Classification of Urinary Tract InfectionsUTIs are classified into 6 categories. The first category is an uncomplicated infection; this is when the urinary tract is normal, both structurally and physiologically, and there is no associated disorder that impairs the host defense mechanisms. The second category is an complicated infection; this is Escherichia coli is the organism that causes UTIs in most patients. Recurrent UTIs (RUTI) are mainly caused by reinfection by the same pathogen. Having frequent sexual intercourse is one of the greatest risk factors for RUTIs. In a subgroup of individuals with coexisting morbid conditions, complicated RUTIs can lead to upper tract infections or urosepsis. Although the initial treatment is antimicrobial therapy, use of different prophylactic regimens and alternative strategies are available to reduce exposure to antibiotics.

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confidence: 99%

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Management in Women : A Review = الإلتهابات المتكررة للمسالك البولية عند النساء و طرق علاجها : مراجعة

Al‐Badr

Al‐Shaikh

2013

SQUMJ

176

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“…According to our numbers, the average age was 47 and the SD was 2.15. One-third of the patients were male and two-thirds were female [14][15][16][17] . Bagchi I et al discovered that 37% of CAUTI patients had Escherichia coli, 18% had Staphylococcus epidermidis, 16% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20% had Klebsiella pneumonia, 3% had Proteus mirabilis, and 6% had Enterococcus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Common Bacteria and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Patients with Indwelling Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Ayaz¹,

Khan²,

Khalil³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Objective: Examine the prevalence of common bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility in individuals with urinary tract infections caused by indwelling catheters. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive research. Place and Duration of study: From January 30, 2021, to July 29, 2021, researchers from the Department of Medicine at Muhammad Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, collected data for this study. Materials and Methods: The proportion of patients with Enterococcus spp. urinary tract infections2 was 5.4%, with a 95% confidence interval and a 3.5% margin of error using WHO software, and they monitored 179 individuals. In addition, a non-probabilistic sampling method based on a sequence of samples was applied. Results: Based on our data, the median age was 47 years old (with a standard deviation of ±2.15), and 33% of our participants were male and 67% were female. Escherichia coli was detected in 37% of patients with catheter linked urinary tract infection, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 18%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 16%, Klebsiella pneumonia in 20%, Proteus mirabilis in 3%, and Enterococcus in 6%. Conclusion: Escherichia coli (37%) was the most prevalent bacterium found in catheter-associated urinary tract infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (20%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 percent). Keywords: Infection of the urinary tract caused by a catheter, urinary catheterization, CAUTI. E. coli, microorganisms, antibiotics, and infectious diseases.

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“…Infections of the upper and lower urinary tract account for more than 6 million office visits per year in the US., costing tore than $2.5 billon annually 1,2,3 . Since 50% to 60% of women report at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime, UTls have become a common condition diagnosed and treated by gynecologists, urologists, and other health care providers for women 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Study of Patterns of Urinary Tract Infections & Antibiotic Sensitivity In Rural setting of Mirpurkhas.

Syeda Ailia Muhammad,

Syeda Fatima Muhammad,

Amtul Hussain Muhammad

et al. 2010

j Muhammad Med Coll

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection which can be caused by a variety of bacteria.The distribution of bacteria and effectiveness of antibiotics to those bacteria causing UTI can be different in different regions.Objective: To determine the frequency of the various organisms causing urinary tract infection, as well as findingtheir sensitivity to various antibiotics in patients attending Urological OPD of Muhammad Medical College.Material and Methods: Between 1" Oct 2008 to 31" Jan 2009, urine samples were collected from 457 patientsattending urology outpatient with clinical diagnosis of UTI prospectively. 152 met the exclusion criteria. Remaining 305 samples were cultured. 111 were sterile and 194 had positive culture. Of these 194 patients with confirmed UTI, 131 were male and 63 females. The sensitivity was tested for 15 commonly used drugs.Results: The commonest causative organism was Escherichia coli (E. Col), which was present in 78 (40H%)samples. This is half the number of E. Coli induced infection found in studies conducted in other parts of theworld. 45 (23) grew Klebsiella and 33 (17%) grew Staphylococcus. More than 70% of samples were sensitive toAmikacin (149, 77%), Fosfomycin (144, 74%) and Imipenem (144, 74%6).Conclusion: The distribution of bacteria causing urinary tract infection and their sensitivity to various antibioticsare different from those reported in most standard textbooks and guidelines.Keywords: Infection, urinary tract, sensitivity, antibiotics.

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Lower Urinary Tract Infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Management in Women : A Review = الإلتهابات المتكررة للمسالك البولية عند النساء و طرق علاجها : مراجعة

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Management in Women : A Review = الإلتهابات المتكررة للمسالك البولية عند النساء و طرق علاجها : مراجعة

Frequency of Common Bacteria and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Patients with Indwelling Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections

A Prospective Study of Patterns of Urinary Tract Infections & Antibiotic Sensitivity In Rural setting of Mirpurkhas.

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