Lower SHBG level is associated with higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels as well as metabolic syndrome, independent of testosterone

Liu, Chia-Chu; Huang, Shu Pin; Cheng, Kai-Hung; Hsieh, Tusty‐Jiuan; Huang, Ching‐Wen; Wang, Chii Jye; Yeh, Hsin Chih; Tsai, Chia Chun; Bao, Bo; Wu, Wen‐Jeng; Lee, Yung Chin

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03078-0

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition, the positive correlation between irisin and WC, TG, HDL-C, and blood glucose may also reflect a compensatory increase in irisin levels in MetS-C women to counterbalance metabolic disorders. However, in line with previous publications related to T2DM and MetS [15,[30][31][32][33], serum ZAG and adiponectin were reduced in women with MetS components in the current study. Unlike our results, a previous study found no significant difference in circulating ZAG levels between MetS patients and healthy controls [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of metabolic syndrome components with circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women

Tan

Hu²,

Yang

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating zinc α 2-glycoprotein (ZAG), Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and to analyze the effects of blood glucose and insulin on these cytokine concentrations in vivo. Methods: A total of 196 young women, including 78 healthy women and 118 women with MetS components, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. An oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were performed in healthy subjects and women with MetS components. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure serum ZAG, irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels, and their relationship with the MetS components was analyzed. Results: In women with MetS components, circulating irisin and betatrophin levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy women, but circulating ZAG and adiponectin levels were significantly lower . FBG, WC, and Triglyceride were significantly correlated with the circulating levels of these four cytokines (p < 0.001 or < 0.05). All four cytokines were associated with MetS and its components. In response to increasing insulin levels, circulating ZAG concentrations were markedly increased in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components during the EHC. However, serum irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components were significantly reduced compared with baseline. Conclusion: Serum ZAG, Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin were associated with MetS and might be biomarkers for screening MetS components.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of metabolic syndrome components with circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women

Tan

Hu²,

Yang

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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“…(85,104) and the most relevant human observational studies are discussed in the following chapter. Several cross-sectional observational studies reported inverse associations between serum TS levels and indices of adiposity (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29), measures of insulin resistance (15,27,29,30,31,32,33) and other cardiovascular risk factors in community-dwelling men (16,25,27,28,30,32,33,34,35). Similarly, other cross-sectional studies reported lower TS levels in men with obesity, the metabolic syndrome (MetS), T2DM or cardiovascular disease as compared to control subjects (31,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43), sometimes together with a higher prevalence of symptoms of hypogonadism…”

Section: (68)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Inverse associations between TS levels and adiposity and glucometabolic indices in numerous crosssectional studies. (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33) Large part of these inverse associations between TS levels and glucometabolic status is driven or confounded by the consistent inverse relation with SHBG; findings with (estimates of) free or bioavailable TS are less consistent (12,15,16,28,29,31,32) Findings are non-specific, i.e. TS levels also associate with other CV risk factors (16,25,27,28,30,32,33,34,35) Lower TS levels in men with obesity, MetS or CV disease (31,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,…”

Section: (68)mentioning

confidence: 99%

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Rationale and current evidence for testosterone therapy in the management of obesity and its complications

Lapauw

Kaufman

2020

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Overt hypogonadism in men adversely affects body composition and metabolic health, which generally improve upon testosterone (T) therapy. As obese men often display lower serum T levels, in particular when they present with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), there have been claims that androgen therapy prevents or reverses obesity and improves metabolic health. This has contributed to the increase of T prescriptions during the past two decades. In this narrative review, based on findings from larger observational studies and randomized controlled intervention trials, we evaluate whether low T predicts or predisposes to obesity and its metabolic consequences, and whether obese men with low T are truly hypogonadal. We further describe the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationships of T levels with obesity and metabolic health, and finally assess the evidence for T therapy in men with obesity, MetS and/or T2DM, considering efficacy, safety concerns and possible alternative approaches. It is concluded that low serum SHBG and total T levels are highly prevalent in obese men, but that only those with low free T levels and signs or symptoms of hypogonadism should be considered androgen deficient. These alterations are reversible upon weight loss. Whether low T is a biomarker rather than a true risk factor for metabolic disturbances remains unclear. Considering the limited number of sound T therapy trials having shown beneficial effects, the modest amplitude of these effects, and unresolved safety issues, one cannot in the present state-of-the-art advocate T therapy to prevent or reverse obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. Instead, focus should remain on lifestyle measures and management of obesity-related consequences.

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“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia 9 . MetS and its individual components have been confirmed to be closely associated with low T levels in men 9–11 . Insulin resistance has been postulated to be an important link between MetS and TD 1,12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin resistance has been postulated to be an important link between MetS and TD 1,12,13 . Several insulin sensitivity modulating adipocytokines such as adiponectin and leptin have been reported to be associated with both MetS and TD in men 9,14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty liver index is associated with the risk of testosterone deficiency in aging men without metabolic syndrome

et al. 2021

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Objectives Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is suggested to be a precursor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and could influence the risk of testosterone deficiency (TD). Fatty liver index (FLI) is a simple and useful screening tool for NAFLD. We determined the association between the risk of NAFLD assessed by FLI and TD in aging Taiwanese men, especially those without MetS. Materials and Methods A free health screening program was conducted for men (age: >40 years) in a medical center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. All participants underwent a physical examination; answered a questionnaire assessing demographics, medical history, and clinical symptoms of TD; and provided 20‐mL whole blood samples for biochemical, adipocytokine, and hormonal evaluations. The risk of NAFLD was evaluated using FLI. The presence of NAFLD was ruled out if FLI value was <25 and ruled in if FLI value was ≥35. Results A total of 552 men (mean age: 54.7 ± 7.7 years) were enrolled. The prevalence rates of TD and MetS were significantly higher among men with NAFLD than those without NAFLD (both p < 0.001). FLI was significantly correlated with total testosterone (TT) and adipocytokines associated with insulin resistance, such as adiponectin, leptin, and retinol‐binding protein‐4 (RBP‐4) levels, respectively (all p < 0.001). Among men without MetS, those at risk of and with NAFLD had a 3.82 and 8.50 times higher risk of TD, respectively, than those without NAFLD after adjusting for potential covariates. Conclusion The FLI is associated with the risk of TD in aging Taiwanese men, especially in those without MetS. Our findings also suggest that insulin resistance may be an important link among the inter‐relationships of NAFLD, MetS, and TD. Further population‐based studies with larger sample sizes of different ethnicities are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.

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Lower SHBG level is associated with higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels as well as metabolic syndrome, independent of testosterone

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Association of metabolic syndrome components with circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women

Association of metabolic syndrome components with circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Rationale and current evidence for testosterone therapy in the management of obesity and its complications

Fatty liver index is associated with the risk of testosterone deficiency in aging men without metabolic syndrome

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