Lower serum paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetic patients correlates with nitrated apolipoprotein A-I levels

Gugliucci, Alejandro; Hermo, Ricardo; Tsuji, Masatomi; Kimura, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2006.01.011

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…PON1 possesses the ability to hydrolyze and therefore inactivate lactones, thus converting homocysteine thiolactone back to homocysteine [120]. PON-1 activity is inhibited through nitrosylation of ApoA-1 [121], so excess synthesis of nitric oxide would disrupt its function. Suppression of PON-1's antioxidant effects would lead to enhanced superoxide production, and the increased bioavailability of homocysteine thiolactone will promote sulfate synthesis from the superoxide.…”

Section: A Proposed Role For the Atheromamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Seneff

Lauritzen

Davidson³

et al. 2012

Entropy

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Theoretical inferences, based on biophysical, biochemical, and biosemiotic considerations, are related here to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other degenerative conditions. We suggest that the "daytime" job of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), when sunlight is available, is to catalyze sulfate production. There is a striking alignment between cell types that produce either cholesterol sulfate or sulfated polysaccharides and those that contain eNOS. The signaling gas, nitric oxide, a wellknown product of eNOS, produces pathological effects not shared by hydrogen sulfide, a sulfur-based signaling gas. We propose that sulfate plays an essential role in HDL-A1 cholesterol trafficking and in sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), both critical to lysosomal recycling (or disposal) of cellular debris. HSPGs are also crucial in glucose metabolism, protecting against diabetes, and in maintaining blood colloidal suspension and capillary flow, through systems dependent on water-structuring properties of sulfate, an anionic kosmotrope. When sunlight exposure is insufficient, lipids accumulate in the atheroma in order to supply cholesterol and sulfate to the heart, using a OPEN ACCESSEntropy 2012, 14 2493 process that depends upon inflammation. The inevitable conclusion is that dietary sulfur and adequate sunlight can help prevent heart disease, diabetes, and other disease conditions.

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Section: A Proposed Role For the Atheromamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Seneff

Lauritzen

Davidson³

et al. 2012

Entropy

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“…Along with its antioxidative and homocysteine-thiolactonase activities, PON-1 has added anti-atherogenic properties against macrophage foam cell formation [10], [11], [12], [13] Oxidation of HDL may affect their functional and atheroprotective proper-ties [4], [5,16]. PON-1 mass and activity have been shown to be decreased in cardiovascular disease, diabetes and renal failure patients [17], [18], [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Action of Ilex paraguariensis Extract against Free Radical Inactivation of Paraoxonase-1 in High-Density Lipoprotein

et al. 2007

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Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1), an antioxidant enzyme carried mainly by HDL, has been shown to display cardioprotective effects. In this study, we investigated whether the polyphenol-rich beverage mate, obtained from extract of Ilex paraguariensis (IP), prevented the loss of PON-1 activity from HDL during oxidant stress. The peroxide radical generator 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced time- and dose-dependent oxidation of HDL, as measured by lipoperoxide content, which is accompanied by a parallel decrease in the activity of PON-1 (p<0.001). IP extract (2-20 microL/mL) afforded time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of the oxidation, with preservation of apoA-I structure and PON-1 activity. Healthy volunteers drank either 0.5 L of IP extract, 0.5 L of coffee and milk or nothing. PON-1 activity increased an average of 10% above the changes seen when the intake was coffee and milk (p<0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate that IP extract may, to some extent, prevent the loss of the antiatherogenic function of HDL afforded by PON-1 when the particle is under oxidant stress.

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“…Moreover, lower PON1 activity and, in particular, PON1 genotypes, were found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (Mackness et al, 2003;Ng et al, 2005) and atherosclerosis (Shih et al, 1998;Tward et al, 2002;Mackness et al, 2006b) in humans and mice. Serum PON1 activity levels were also reported to be low in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Gugliucci et al, 2006;Mackness et al, 2006a;Dullaart et al, 2008). Polymorphism in the PON2 gene is also associated with coronary heart disease and type II diabetes (Hegele et al, 1997;Sanghera et al, 1998;Leus et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the porcine paraoxonase 3 (PON3) gene

Labrecque

Beaudry

Mayhue

et al. 2009

Gene

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Lower serum paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetic patients correlates with nitrated apolipoprotein A-I levels

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Protective Action of Ilex paraguariensis Extract against Free Radical Inactivation of Paraoxonase-1 in High-Density Lipoprotein

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the porcine paraoxonase 3 (PON3) gene

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