Lower paraoxonase 1 activity in Tunisian bipolar I patients

Abstract

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the variations of paraoxonase activity and lipid profile in bipolar I patients, and the association of this activity with the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of this population.Patients and methodsOur study included 66 patients with bipolar I disorder and 64 controls aged 37.9 ± 12.6 and 36.3 ± 18.2 years, respectively. Paraoxonase activity was determined by kinetic methods; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol were determined by enzymatic methods; apolipoprotein (Apo)A1, ApoB and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were determined by immunoturbidimetry using Konelab 30 equipment (Thermo Scientific).ResultsCompared with controls, patients had a significantly lower paraoxonase activity and ApoA1 level, and significantly higher total cholesterol, c-LDL and Lp(a) level and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. Furthermore, paraoxonase activity was significantly correlated with c-HDL values (r = 0.5612; P < 0.001). The lowest paraoxonase activity was noted in relation to age and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, it was associated with gender but not with smoking and alcohol consumption status. In patients, there was no significant change in paraoxonase activity in relation to illness episodes, whereas the lowest values of this activity were seen in manic patients. In contrast, paraoxonase activity was significantly associated with treatment. Indeed, patients taking lithium had the lowest levels.ConclusionsBipolar patients had a significant decrease in paraoxonase activity and perturbations in their lipid profile that contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Decrease in this activity was significantly associated with treatment with lithium but not with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Therefore, such patients require specific care, particularly with regard to their lipid profile.

Prevalence and Correlates of Obesity and Overweight in Tunisian Bipolar I Patients

“…This confirms the higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in men compared with women. In fact, previous studies suggested that mania, either directly (through factors intrinsic to illness) or indirectly (through other mediators or associated variables), increased the risk of cardiovascular disease [25].…”

Paraoxonase (PON1) L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in major depression and bipolar affective disorder

“…Our findings are consistent with a genome-wide association study reporting no associations between bipolar disorder and the Q192R polymorphism or any other polymorphism in the PON1 gene 26 . In terms of PON1 activity in bipolar patients; one study demonstrated normal activity 13 but the other showed decreased PON1 activity 20 . The results of the present study and the discrepancies between the other studies might be associated with the distinct genotypic distribution of PON1 across different ethnic populations.…”

“…Two studies investigated PON1 activity in bipolar patients. The first one presented normal PON1 activity but the other showed decreased PON1 activity in bipolar patients 13,20 . In a study consisting of both depressed and bipolar patients; lowered PON1 activity was found to be associated with comorbid mood disorders and tobacco use disorder 14 .…”

In vitro Effects of Salicylic Acid on Plasma Paraoxonase 1 Activity

“…The list of tested compounds continues to grow longer. Researchers interested in the effects of antidepressants on PON1 activity have only performed in vivo studies and they emphasized the potential antioxidant activity of selective serotonin re-reuptake inhibitors, such as lithium, in bipolar disorder [18].…”