Lower glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) response but similar glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glycaemic, and insulinaemic response to ancient wheat compared to modern wheat depends on processing

Bakhøj, S.; Flint, Anne; Holst, Jens J.; Tetens, Inge

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601680

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Trials were conducted across 10 countries, including Sweden (eight trials) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], Finland (five trial) [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], Canada (five trials) [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], UK (five trials) [ 4 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], Australia (three trial) [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], Denmark (three trials) [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], Italy (three trials) [ 5 , 45 , 46 ], USA (three trials) [ 47 , 48 , 49 ], Germany (one trial) [ 50 ], Japan (one trial) [ 51 ], Kuwait (one trial) [ 52 ], Singapore (one trial) [ 53 ], Spain (one trial) [ 54 ] and Switzerland (one trial) [ 55 ]. Five studies [ 35 , 37 , 42 , 45 , 47 ] had a parallel design and 36 [ 4 , 5 , 17 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies [ 35 , 37 , 42 , 45 , 47 ] had a parallel design and 36 [ 4 , 5 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] had a cross-over design. Twenty-five studies [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Grain Intake and Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2017

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Backgrounds: There is growing evidence from both observational and intervention studies that Whole Grain (WG) cereals exert beneficial effects on human health, especially on the metabolic profile. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to assess the acute and medium/long-term effect of WG foods on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. Methods: A search for all the published RCT on the effect of WG food intake on glycaemic and insulin response was performed up to December 2016. Effect size consisted of mean difference (MD) and 95% CI between the outcomes of intervention and the control groups using the generic inverse-variance random effects model. Results: The meta-analysis of the 14 studies testing the acute effects of WG foods showed significant reductions of the post-prandial values of the glucose iAUC (0–120 min) by −29.71 mmol min/L (95% CI: −43.57, −15.85 mmol min/L), the insulin iAUC (0–120 min) by −2.01 nmol min/L (95% CI: −2.88, −1.14 nmol min/L), and the maximal glucose and insulin response. In 16 medium- and long-term RCTs, effects of WG foods on fasting glucose and insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance values were not significant. Conclusions: The consumption of WG foods is able to improve acutely the postprandial glucose and insulin homeostasis compared to similar refined foods in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term effects and the biological mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Grain Intake and Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2017

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“…Consistently, insulin response to sourdough bread in part 1 was significantly lower than 11-grain and sprouted-grain breads. Bakhoj et al [33] reported lowered postprandial GIP responses to the ingestion of Einkorn honey-salt leavened and whole-grain breads compared to the conventional yeast bread and proposed that this was due to an increased level of organic acids (based on reduction of the pH in the dough). Dietary fiber has also been shown to increase GLP-1 secretion in rats [34] and dogs [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

Mofidi

Ferraro

Stewart

et al. 2012

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Consumption of whole-grain and sourdough breads is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. We examined the impact of commercial breads on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in subjects at risk for glucose intolerance. In a randomized, crossover study, overweight or obese males ingested 11-grain, sprouted-grain, 12-grain, sourdough, or white bread on different occasions, matched for available carbohydrate (50 g) in part 1 (n = 12) and bread mass (107 g) in part 2 (n = 11), and blood glucose, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined for 3 h. In part 1, glucose response for sprouted-grain was lower than 11-grain, sourdough, and white breads. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) for sourdough and white was lower than 11-grain and sprouted-grain breads. GLP-1 response to sourdough was lower than all breads. In part 2, glucose and insulin AUC for sourdough was greater than 11-grain, sprouted-grain, and 12-grain breads. Sprouted-grain bread improved glycemia by lowering glucose response and increasing GLP-1 response. In overweight and obese men, the glycemic response to sprouted grain bread was reduced in both parts 1 and 2 while the other whole-grain test breads did not improve metabolic responses in the acute postprandial state.

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“…From a total of 20 test meal studies, thirteen were excluded because they used ad libitum meals for breakfast, artificial meals, included only hyperinsulinaemic or diabetic participants, did not include appetite scores or because the data had not been analysed at the time of inclusion. Six of the seven studies that fulfilled all the above-mentioned criteria have been previously published (Flint et al 1998(Flint et al , 2001(Flint et al , 2004aVerdich et al 2001b;Bakhøj et al 2003;Raben et al 2003), whereas the last study has been published as an abstract (Flint et al 2004b).…”

Section: Selection and Inclusion Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between postprandial insulin and blood glucose responses, appetite sensations and energy intake in normal weight and overweight individuals: a meta-analysis of test meal studies

et al. 2007

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It is unclear whether postprandial blood glucose or insulin exerts a regulatory function in short-term appetite regulation in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate, by use of meta-analysis, the role of blood glucose and insulin in short-term appetite sensation and energy intake (EI) in normal weight and overweight participants. Data from seven test meal studies were used, including 136 healthy participants (ALL) (92 normal weight (NW) and 44 overweight or obese (OW)). All meals were served as breakfasts after an overnight fast, and appetite sensations and blood samples were obtained frequently in the postprandial period. Finally, an ad libitum lunch was served. Data were analysed by fixed effects study level (SL) metaregression analysis and individual participant data (IPD) regression analysis, using STATA software. In SL analysis, postprandial insulin response was associated with decreased hunger in ALL, NW and OW (P, 0·019), and with increased satiety in NW (P¼ 0·004) and lower subsequent EI in OW (P¼ 0·022). Multivariate IPD analysis showed similar associations, but only in NW for hunger, satiety and EI (P ,0·028), and in ALL for EI (P¼ 0·016). The only association involving blood glucose was the multivariate IPD analysis showing an inverse association between blood glucose and EI in ALL (P¼ 0·032). Our results suggest that insulin, but not glucose, is associated with short-term appetite regulation in healthy participants, but the relationship is disrupted in the overweight and obese. We conclude that the postprandial insulin response may be an important satiety signal, and that central nervous system insulin resistance in overweight might explain the blunted effect on appetite.

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Lower glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) response but similar glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glycaemic, and insulinaemic response to ancient wheat compared to modern wheat depends on processing

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Whole Grain Intake and Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Whole Grain Intake and Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

Associations between postprandial insulin and blood glucose responses, appetite sensations and energy intake in normal weight and overweight individuals: a meta-analysis of test meal studies

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