Lower Eyelid Anatomy

Kakizaki, Hirohiko; Malhotra, Raman; Madge, Simon N.; Selva, Dinesh

doi:10.1097/sap.0b013e31818c4b22

Cited by 89 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Eyelids have very thin mobile tissue that requires special consideration during reconstruction in order to maintain function as well as appearance. Preoperative findings that may indicate the need for multidisciplinary care include malpositioning of the eyelids (e.g., preexisting ectropion, and significant scleral show beneath the iris), inability of the patient to open and close the eyes well, medial canthal location of the tumor, large size or marginal involvement of the tumor, diplopia, or tearing [33,34].…”

Section: Periocular Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interdisciplinary Surgical Management of Skin Cancer: the Saint Louis University Experience

et al. 2015

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While the vast majority of skin cancers can be managed by a single practitioner in the outpatient setting, there is a subset of complex skin cancers that benefit from multidisciplinary care. At our institution, we have built strong collegial relationships with allied specialties such as surgical oncology, otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, facial plastic surgery, and oculoplastic surgery. It is common for patients with high-risk or complex tumors to be seen preoperatively by several allied specialties. This allows for care coordination and more seamless care in addition to fostering skin cancer expertise within our collaborators in allied specialties.

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Section: Periocular Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interdisciplinary Surgical Management of Skin Cancer: the Saint Louis University Experience

et al. 2015

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“…Horizontal eyelid laxity is caused by stretching of the MCT, LCT, and/or atrophic changes of the tarsal plate [16]. It is com- monly identified with positive pinch test (distraction test), which is able to pinch the central eyelid away from the globe >8 mm [17].…”

Section: Entropionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LER is composed of the capsulopalpebral head, capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF), and smooth muscles fibers [16]. The LER has two layers: the anterior and posterior layers [17].…”

Section: Entropionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related eyelid changes

et al. 2017

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Aging is a natural process where changes occur in multiple tissues, resulting in aesthetic and functional effects. Aging eyelids lead to a tired or sleepy appearance. Progressive changes continue throughout life; these may eventually affect the ocular surface and cause visual impairment. Objective is to report the pathophysiology of the common age-related eyelid disorders and the current management concepts. This article presents the pathophysiology and the surgical procedures of eyelid disorders, such as blepharoptosis, dermatochalasis, entropion, ectropion, baggy eyelids, epicanthus, and lateral canthal aging. In general, most agerelated eyelid changes are corrected due to its to its associated cosmetic and functional problems. Management is based on anatomic factors contributing to the eyelid disorder. Conclusion is the choice of surgical procedure is based on the exact localisation of the eyelid pathology.

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“…The middle lamella consists of the orbital septum. 6,7 The posterior lamella includes the conjunctiva, lower eyelid retractors, and tarsus. 6 The lower eyelid retractors consist of 2 double layers.…”

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confidence: 99%