Lower explosion limit of hybrid mixtures of burnable gas and dust

Addai, Emmanuel Kwasi; Gabel, Dieter; Krause, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2015.02.014

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, the explosion limit of brown coal decreased from 250 to 60 g/m 3 when 4 vol% of methane was added. These results confirm the findings reported by ; the explosion limits of hybrid mixtures can decrease when a non‐explosible concentration of gas is added.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Contrary to the lower explosion limits of solitary dust, gas, or solvent which have been widely investigated in the past decades, data on explosion limits of hybrid mixtures are comparatively sparse. Most studies on hybrid mixtures focus on dust and gas mixtures for example, coal dust and methane , graphite and hydrogen , niacin and methane and others . However, mixtures such as: sprays with either dusts or gases have not been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the lower explosion limit of multiphase hybrid mixtures

Addai¹,

Ali

Amyotte

et al. 2019

Process Safety Progress

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This article reports on experimental and theoretical investigations of the lower explosion limits of two-and three-phase mixtures such as gas-dust, spray-gas, dust-spray, and dust-gasspray. The materials used were lycopodium and brown coal as combustible dusts, methane, and hydrogen as combustible gases and ethanol and isopropanol as sprays (liquid solvent).The experiments were performed in the standardized 20-L spherical explosion chamber where modifications were done to allow the input of solvents and gases. The test protocol was in accordance with the European standard, EN 14034. The experimental results demonstrate significant enhancements in explosion likelihood brought about by gas or spray admixture with dust and vice versa. They also confirm that a hybrid mixture explosion is possible even when both dust and spray or gas concentrations are respectively lower than their minimum explosible concentration (MEC) and lower explosion limit (LEL). For example, the MEC of brown coal decreases from 250 to 60 g/m 3 , 60 and 100 g/m 3 when small amounts of isopropanol spray, methane gas, and hydrogen gas respectively, were added (even though these concentrations of gases and solvents are all below the LEL of the individual substances).Comparisons have been made between the lower explosible limit of the experimental data and classical models such as those developed by Bartknecht, Le Chatelier, and Jiang and coworkers. This research provides safety practitioners with a practical means to characterize material hazards without the need to perform a large number of tests.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the lower explosion limit of multiphase hybrid mixtures

Addai¹,

Ali

Amyotte

et al. 2019

Process Safety Progress

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“…The explosion limits of three component hybrid mixtures have been studied using the GG furnace. The suitability of the GG furnace to measure also explosion limits of hybrid mixtures-apart from its original purpose to determine minimum ignition temperatures of dust/air mixtures-had been proven in a previous paper by the present authors [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Various types of dusts, gases, and solvents as vapor were used in these studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A number of studies have been conducted by different authors on the explosion characteristics of hybrid mixtures [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] with the aim of either preventing the occurrence or mitigating the consequence of hybrid mixture explosions. But, there are still open questions regarding the phenomena involved, as well as the sensitivity of hybrid explosions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower explosion limit/minimum explosible concentration testing for hybrid mixtures in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace

2016

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Experimental investigations of the lower explosion limits (LEL) of three‐component hybrid mixtures of six combustible dusts, three gases, and four solvents were performed in the modified Godbert‐Greenwald furnace. The test protocol was in accordance with European standard EN 50281‐2‐1 which is originally used to determine the minimum ignition temperature of dusts. Modification was done on the equipment to test for the explosion limits for dusts, gases, solvents, and hybrid mixtures. In order to prove the validity of our experimental procedure, the LEL for pure gases were initially tested and the results were compared with values found in literature obtained from the standard procedure which show very good agreement. The experimental results demonstrated a significant decrease of the explosion limits of gas, solvent, or dust and an increase in the likelihood of explosion when a small amount of dust was mixed with gas or solvent and vice versa. For example, the minimum explosible concentration (MEC) of high density polyethylene (HDPE) of 174 g/m3 decreased to 130 g/m3 upon addition of methane the concentration of which itself was below the LEL. The MEC of HDPE further decreased to 65 g/m3 when a nonexplosible concentration of hexane was added. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 36: 81–94, 2017

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“…A list of combustible dusts is presented in Occupational Safety and Health Administration's combustible dust guide [3]. Fires can even occur for a mixture of flammable gas and combustible dust even if the lower flammability limit of the mixtures is below the flammability limit of the individual substances [4], [5], [6]. The most common ignition sources include cooking/heating equipment, intentional electrical open flames or embers, appliances, tools or air conditioning, other heat sources, as well as natural causes, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents

Addai

Tulashie

Annan³

et al. 2016

Safety and Health at Work

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BackgroundIn Ghana, fire incidents have become a regular occurrence, with thousands of lives and millions of dollars lost every year. Hardly a day passes without news of a fire outbreak in some part of Ghana, causing fear and panic among the people. This generates much discussion centering on rumors relating to politics, sabotage, misfortune, religious differences, etc. This article seeks to discuss the trend of fire incidents occurring in Ghana from 2000 to 2013 and the different ways to prevent these incidents.MethodsThe pattern of fire incidence in Ghana as a whole as well as in each region is discussed. The study took into consideration the causes, mechanisms, as well as preventive measures against the fire menace. Data were obtained from the head office of Ghana's national fire service.ResultsIt was noticed that in general the rate of fire incidence increased each year. This increase was attributed to several factors: rate of population growth and industrialization, unstable electricity, urbanization, negligence, illegal electrical connection, etc. The cause of fire was categorized into domestic, industrial, vehicular, institutional, electrical, commercial, bush, and others. Among these causes, domestic fire accounted for 41% of the total number of fire incidents in the country.ConclusionFinally, this study presents several recommendations to help prevent and mitigate fire incidents in Ghana.

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Lower explosion limit of hybrid mixtures of burnable gas and dust

Cited by 49 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the lower explosion limit of multiphase hybrid mixtures

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the lower explosion limit of multiphase hybrid mixtures

Lower explosion limit/minimum explosible concentration testing for hybrid mixtures in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace

Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents

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