Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents

Addai, Emmanuel Kwasi; Tulashie, Samuel Kofi; Annan, Joe-Steve; Yeboah, Isaac

doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2016.02.004

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…EPPL is proportional to the square of the flame radius [10]. Therefore, the EPPL can be expressed by: (2) Where is b and b0 are the flame radius and the maximum flame radius, respectively. The integral of EPPL over the full flame length result the total radiant heat output.…”

Section: Line Source Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of thermal radiation from jet flame

Satrio

Adityo

Agung

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper presents studies on the influence of the nozzle tilt angle on the on the thermal radiation generated by diffusion jet flame. Analysis was limited to the nozzle tilt angle, distance and height of the heat flux measurement, and nozzle diameter. The studies were conducted for three different nozzle tilt angles of 0o, 45o and 90o, three different distances 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm, six different heights 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm, and two different nozzle diameters 17 mm and 11 mm. The thermal radiation intensity increased with the distance and height of measurements. The variation of horizontal and vertical jet flame was found to follow a linear equation. The studies also included investigation of flame shapes influence on the thermal radiation. The obtained results are presented in a graphical and tabular form. Based on the analysis of results the conclusion are established, important not only for the theoretical considerations but also in practice, especially in the context of immediate ignition on Liquefied Petroleum Gas as fuel for household leakage. IntroductionLiquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is commonly used for households in Indonesia. Not only is LPG a relatively clean, safe and cost-effective fuel for households, its large-scale adoption also reduces the government budgets on subsidies for traditional kerosene consumption. LPG program in Indonesia has been effective for medium and higher income households in suburban areas [1]. High pressure gas inside storage tank heightens the risk rate especially in tubes which are closer to people. Since official using of LPG as the main sources of cooking fuel, several disastrous incidents have frequently occurred [2].A. Palacios et al. were performed experiments of propane jet flame in still air [3]. The flame height up to 10 m were obtained using different exit diameters (10mm-43.1mm). The experiments were recorded with video and thermographic camera. Flame height and lift-off distance were determined by using visible and infrared images. Flame heights were expressed as function of mass flow rate, exit diameter, Froude number and Reynolds number. The results showed that the flame height is increased with the increase of orifice diameter and the fuel mass flow rate.Mercedes Gomez-Mares et al. were performed experiment of axial temperature distribution in vertical jet fire of propane [4]. Thermocouples were used to measure temperature along the jet fire centerline and the flame contours were determined from infrared images. The results showed that temperature along the jet fire centerline increased from the bottom of the flame, then reached a maximum value and decreased again at the top zone. The temperature inside the flame were measured around 1600 K at 90% of the flame length. However, it was decided to use the temperature of 1500 K for comparing the data of lengths.

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Section: Line Source Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High pressure gas inside storage tank heightens the risk rate especially in tubes which are closer to people. Since official using of LPG as the main sources of cooking fuel, several disastrous incidents have frequently occurred [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of thermal radiation from jet flame

Satrio

Adityo

Agung

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…In recent times, the most alarming and devastating disasters in Ghana are floods, fires and epidemic (Addai, et al, 2016;Ntanjal, et al, 2017). These disasters have claimed many lives and cost the nation millions of dollars annually (NADMO, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Strategies for Rapid Response in Disaster Relief Operations in Ghana

Baidoo¹

2018

TIJMG

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Natural disasters are catastrophes that are beyond the control of humans. However, the effects of natural disasters can be reduced through rapid response and effective post-disaster management strategies. This study examines the barriers to effective disaster relief operations in Ghana and propose strategies for ensuring efficient response in disaster relief operations. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from officials of ten major disaster relief organizations in Ghana. The study revealed a number of constraints affecting disaster relief operations in Ghana. Key among these are lack effective planning, lack of logistics, people's behavior and perception and lack of coordination and corporation. Strategies for efficient disaster relief operations should include appropriate incountry training and education to personnel, proper coordination among stakeholders and improvement in logistical suppliers through increased funding for disaster relief organizations.

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“…Humans have been using fire to cook food, keep warm, and light up [1]. Moreover, fire has also been massively used in the industry and during the power generation in combustion processes, which are responsible for a wide range of energy transformation in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical reactions and changes of the state in the weak double bond of molecular oxygen (O 2 ), to the stronger bonds in the combustion products carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) release this hot and fast form of stored chemical energy [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Operating System FreeRTOS Application for Fire Alarm Project in Reduced Scale

Turci¹

2017

IJCDS

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Uncontrolled fires are responsible for many harmful damages and human losses. Hence, the design of a system in order to reduce such problems may be considered relevant. The use of real-time operating systems can present a possibility to achieve significant results and improvements in fire alarm projects, considering that fires are examples of critical time systems in which the time of response is extremely important. In the proposed project, an algorithm was developed by using Arduino Nano and FreeRTOS open source kernel in order to accomplish such task in a reduced scale project. Some tests, such as jitter, latency, and worst case response time are also carried out to evaluate the performance of the real-time system proposed in the present project.

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Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental study of thermal radiation from jet flame

Experimental study of thermal radiation from jet flame

Challenges and Strategies for Rapid Response in Disaster Relief Operations in Ghana

Real-Time Operating System FreeRTOS Application for Fire Alarm Project in Reduced Scale

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