Lower bone mineral density in Somali women living in Sweden compared with African–Americans

Demeke, Taye; El‐Gawad, Gamal Abd; Osmancevic, Amra; Gillstedt, Martin; Landin‐Wilhelmsen, Kerstin

doi:10.1007/s11657-015-0208-5

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This may be supported by their lower BMD and failure to achieve peak bone mass, as they were of young age when they immigrated. 33 Mean S-PTH levels were in the upper reference range at the start and did not change during the studies. The upper PTH reference level (1Á1-6Á9 pmol/l) for the method used (Roche Cobas, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) may be too high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Vitamin D treatment in Somali women living in Sweden – Two randomized, placebo‐controlled studies

Osmancevic

Demeke

Gillstedt

et al. 2016

Clinical Endocrinology

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SummaryObjective There is limited information about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the effects of treatment on immigrants. The effects of oral vitamin D intake and UVB treatment on vitamin D status in healthy Somali women living in Sweden were analysed. Design Two studies were carried out; a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study, with oral drops of 800 IU and 1600 IU cholecalciferol and similar amounts of placebo given daily during 12 weeks and a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, using UVB (4Á3-8Á7 J/cm 2 ) or Woods lamp (placebo) on the upper body, or the face and hands.Patients One-hundred fourteen Somali women, mean age 34 years, latitude 0-10°N, living in Sweden >2 years, latitude 57°N, participated. Measurements Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) was monitored before, every 6 weeks and at 3 months after treatment.Results The majority of the women (n = 83, 73%) were vitamin D-deficient, S-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l at start. There was a dose-dependent increase in S-25(OH)D levels (P = 0Á001, stratified Jonckheere-Terpstra test) with a mean increase after twelve weeks in women treated with 800 IU/day and women treated with 1600 IU/day of 18 nmol/l (95% CI: 6-29, median = 17) and 29 nmol/l (95% CI: 17-42, median = 34), respectively. S-25 (OH)D decreased during follow-up but remained above baseline levels. The placebo group remained unchanged throughout the study. UVB treatment increased S-25(OH)D dose-dependently after 6 weeks (P = 0Á03, Jonckheere-Terpstra test).Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency was common in immigrants living at higher latitudes. Vitamin D treatment increased S-25 (OH)D levels dose-dependently during 3 months. The effect was maintained for another 3 months. At least 1600 IU/day is recommended. The dropout rate was high.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It is highly possible that some of the women were vitamin D‐resistant. This may be supported by their lower BMD and failure to achieve peak bone mass, as they were of young age when they immigrated …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D treatment in Somali women living in Sweden – Two randomized, placebo‐controlled studies

Osmancevic

Demeke

Gillstedt

et al. 2016

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Another important issue that has been discussed is the association between excess body fat and vitamin D deficiency (27) . Some authors attribute this association to the nutritional deficiency in obese individuals (27)(28) , or for physiological reasons, as the adipose tissue has bioreceptors which retain 25(OH)D, decreasing the bioavailability of this vitamin (27) . Although 25(OH)D is not considered a bone biomarker, its adequate levels have been pointed out as a physiological parameter positively associated with bone health (15,28) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with bone mineral density in adults: a cross-sectional population-based study

Segheto

Juvanhol

Carvalho

et al. 2020

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip bone mineral density (biophysical bone health assessment parameter), and sociodemographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and health condition factors in Brazilian adults. Method: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with individuals of both genders, aged between 20 and 59 (n=701). The dependent variables were evaluated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The independent variables were evaluated through a questionnaire, anthropometric evaluation and blood collection. The association between bone mineral density and the independent variables was evaluated by linear regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Men presented higher bone mineral density than women. Bone mineral density was inversely associated with age range and directly associated with nutritional status in both genders and in the three bone sites analyzed. In addition, 25 Hydroxyvitamin D deficient status among men and contraceptive use among women were associated with lower bone mineral density, and a significant association was only found with lumbar spine bone mineral density in women. Conclusion: The factors associated with bone health among men were age, skin color, nutritional status, and vitamin D status. For women, the associated factors with bone health were age, skin color, nutritional status and contraceptive use.

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“…The effect of latitude on vitamin D attainability among the Somali immigrant population is evident in studies conducted in Sweden. Somali immigrant women living in Sweden have been found to have lower serum vitamin D levels than native Swedish women (Kalliokoski et al, 2013, Saaf et al, 2011, Demeke et al, 2015. Somalia is located on the Equator (Hadden, 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Vitamin D Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing hypovitaminosis D among Somali immigrants in Minnesota: a narrative review

Qubty

Aboul‐Enein

Bechard

et al. 2019

IJHRH

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Somalia is an East African nation with a history of civil unrest that produced a significant influx of refugees in the United States in the last 25 years. Between 2000 and 2010, 40% of all U.S. Somali refugees settled in Minnesota, which produces new cultural and health challenges for local communities and the state government. One such challenge is vitamin D deficiency, or hypovitaminosis D (Hv-D). Hv-D is developed through insufficient exposure to sunlight and low nutrient intake leading to increased risk for weakness and inflammation, oral health problems, diabetes, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. In this narrative review, demographic, geographic, and cultural information about Somali immigration is discussed. Recent data suggests Somalis living in northern climates (Minnesota, US, Helsinki, Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom) experience significant deficiencies in vitamin D. Vitamin D is stimulated by ultraviolet light exposure, a balanced and healthy diet, and dietary supplementation. High unemployment rates affecting access to health information and clinical services, significant cultural differences, and climate differences predispose this population to Hv-D. Health education and health promotion programming at the community and state level in Minnesota should recognize the risk factors associated with Hv-D and the vulnerability of Somali refugees. Current and future health programming should be reassessed for adequate attention to vitamin D deficiency and cultural competency associated with the Somali immigrant population.

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Lower bone mineral density in Somali women living in Sweden compared with African–Americans

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Vitamin D treatment in Somali women living in Sweden – Two randomized, placebo‐controlled studies

Vitamin D treatment in Somali women living in Sweden – Two randomized, placebo‐controlled studies

Factors associated with bone mineral density in adults: a cross-sectional population-based study

Reducing hypovitaminosis D among Somali immigrants in Minnesota: a narrative review

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