RESUMOIntrodução: Nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento e uma diversifi cação das metodologias que buscaram avaliar a auto-imagem corporal. Para os profi ssionais da área de saúde é imprescindível o diagnóstico do distúrbio de imagem em seus alunos, atletas ou pacientes, para posterior encaminhamento destes a uma terapia. Este estudo visa identifi car, quantifi car e reunir os instrumentos de avaliação da imagem corporal que têm sido utilizados nas produções acadêmi-cas e científi cas, no Brasil, de 1992 até 2007, destacando os mais utilizados. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfi ca realizada nas bases de dados da USP, Bireme, Google, onde estão bases, como Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, entre outras. Os descritores adotados foram: "imagem corporal", "protocolos de avaliação", "auto-imagem", "instrumentos de avaliação" e "body image". Resultados: Foram analisados 130 protocolos utilizados em 80 produções científi cas e acadêmicas. Os instrumentos foram reunidos em seis grupos: Questionários, 27,7%; Entrevistas, 25,4%; Desenhos, 15,4%; Variáveis Antropométricas, 15,4%; Escalas, 10%; e Silhuetas, 6,1%. Discussão: Percebeu-se uma busca dos estudiosos por uma metodologia não-limitada, que melhor se aplique ao seu grupo pesquisado, o que resultou num emaranhado de opções de instrumentos para avaliar a imagem corporal. PALAVRAS-CHAVEQuestionários, Entrevistas, Imagem Corporal. ANALYSIS OF THE BODY IMAGE ASSESSMENT TOOLS ABSTRACT Introduction:In the last few decades, there has been an increase as well as a diversification of the methodologies which seek to assess self body image. For the health professionals, it is of foremost importance to diagnose the image disorder in his/her students as well as in athletes or patients, for further referring them to therapy. This objective study to Identify, quantify and collect the body image assessment tools which have been used in academic and scientific studies in Brazil, of 1992 until 2007, highlighting the most widely used. Materials and Methods: Review of the literature performed based upon data from USP, Bireme, Google, databases, where one can find data from Medline, Lilacs, and SciELO, among others. The descriptors were: "body image", "assessment protocols", "self image" and "assessment tools". Results: 130 protocols were used in 80 scientific and academic studies. The tools were gathered in six groups: Questionnaires, 27.7%; Interviews, 25.4%; Drawings, 15.4%; Anthropometric Variables, 15.4%; Scales, 10%; and Silhouettes, 6.1%. Discussion: It was evident that the scholars restlessly searched for a non limited methodology which could be better suited for the group of people being studied. As a result, a wide variety of optional tools to assess body image were found.
Low bone health is associated with vitamin D deficiency in older individuals; however, this association is not well established in adults. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone health in adults by systematic review and meta-analysis. The search was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect databases from March 2017 to October 2018 with adult individuals (20-59 years). Bone health was evaluation performed through dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D. The random effect model was used to analyze data from bone mineral content and bone mineral. Random effects models were used and the sources of heterogeneity were explored by means of meta-regression. Thirty-five articles were selected. There was positive correlation between vitamin D and bone health in most of the evaluated sites. Correlation was observed in the analysis of subgroups for lumbar spine among men. When stratified, the studies presented high heterogeneity, which was explained by the sample size, mean serum vitamin D levels and risk of bias. Vitamin D is positively correlated to bone health in adult individuals.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip bone mineral density (biophysical bone health assessment parameter), and sociodemographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and health condition factors in Brazilian adults. Method: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with individuals of both genders, aged between 20 and 59 (n=701). The dependent variables were evaluated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The independent variables were evaluated through a questionnaire, anthropometric evaluation and blood collection. The association between bone mineral density and the independent variables was evaluated by linear regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Men presented higher bone mineral density than women. Bone mineral density was inversely associated with age range and directly associated with nutritional status in both genders and in the three bone sites analyzed. In addition, 25 Hydroxyvitamin D deficient status among men and contraceptive use among women were associated with lower bone mineral density, and a significant association was only found with lumbar spine bone mineral density in women. Conclusion: The factors associated with bone health among men were age, skin color, nutritional status, and vitamin D status. For women, the associated factors with bone health were age, skin color, nutritional status and contraceptive use.
Background This study aims to verify the association between neck circumference (NC) and metabolic syndrome and establish NC cut-off points to predict metabolic syndrome. Methods Weight, height, NC, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were measured in a cross-sectional and population-based study with 966 adults. The association between NC and the burden of metabolic syndrome disease was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to acquire gender-specific cut-off values and predict metabolic syndrome. The NC is a simple anthropometric measurement, has low evaluation costs, can estimate the subcutaneous fat in the upper body and is related to cardiometabolic risks. Results NC is an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome burden with high association to women. The syndrome components stratification indicated that the NC of individuals with one component was lower than those with three or more (P = 0.001). Metabolic syndrome prediction cut-off point was a NC of 39.5 cm for men and 33.3 cm for women. Conclusions Increased NC was associated with higher metabolic syndrome risks. This anthropometric parameter can be used as an additional marker for screening cardiovascular risk diseases.
Objective To estimate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and to analyze factors associated with lower serum vitamin levels in Brazilian adults. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based study consisted of 626 adult individuals of both sexes living in the urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The dependent variable used was the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the independent variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition variables. The associations among the variables were verified using simple and multiple linear regression models, considering alpha lower than 0.05 for the input in the final model. Results The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was 14.4% and the prevalence was 42.0%. Excess abdominal fat was higher in subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D sufficiency. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 30.34±9.85ng/ml. Body adiposity was higher in men with vitamin insufficiency. Negative associations were observed between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age, educational level, body adiposity (p=0.028) and abdominal adiposity (p=0.023). Conclusion Our results showed that excess body and abdominal adiposity are strong predictors of alterations in the serum vitamin D levels, thus public policies for prevention and treatment in this population are essential.
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