Low waste process of rapid cellulose transesterification using ionic liquid/DMSO mixed solvent: Towards more sustainable reaction systems

Curdlan acetate fibres with low degrees of substitution fabricated via a continuous process of chemical modification and wet spinning using an ionic liquid

“…The recyclability of [Emim][OAc] and the scalability of the acetylation reaction have already been demonstrated in previous reports. 21,36 Although our process is still a suboptimal setup utilising a small monofilament system and therefore requires a detailed optimisation of the reaction and spinning conditions, it can be an environmentally and economically friendly process that is applicable to various types of polysaccharides and ester groups.…”

Rapid Homogeneous Acylation of Cellulose in a CO2 Switchable Solvent by Microwave Heating

“…However, the use of AC in these studies will produce hydrogen chloride as a byproduct, which can degrade both the ILs and cellulose derivatives. On the other hand, Milotskyi and co-authors synthesized cellulose laurate with vinyl laurate in IL/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvents, and achieved a DS of up to 2.86 within 10 min at 120 °C . Takeshita and colleagues synthesized a series of cellulose esters with high DS within 24 h in N -methyl- N -(2-methoxyethyl) pyridinium/acetate solvents with vinyl ester .…”

“…On the other hand, Milotskyi and co-authors synthesized cellulose laurate with vinyl laurate in IL/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvents, and achieved a DS of up to 2.86 within 10 min at 120 °C. 17 Takeshita and colleagues synthesized a series of cellulose esters with high DS within 24 h in N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl) pyridinium/ acetate solvents with vinyl ester. 18 Kakuchi and colleagues successfully synthesized CA using 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate as the solvent and isopropenyl acetate as the reaction monomer and explored the reaction mechanism.…”

Green Conversion of Total Lignocellulosic Components of Sugarcane Bagasse to Thermoplastics Through Transesterification Using Ionic Liquid

“…22 Further, the process scalability has been improved by exploiting a reactive extrusion process. 23,24 Previous studies have demonstrated the dominant role of ILs in the generation of wood fibers (by dissolution), 25 esterified wood (by acetylation/benzoylation), 26,27 and wood−plastic composites (by blending with polystyrene/polypropylene). 28,29 However, these approaches are prone to several disadvantages, such as poor performances of the products (e.g., fragile and brittle) and inadequate improvement in the moldability of lignocellulose (i.e., insufficient solubility and heat-melt properties).…”

“…Ionic liquids (ILs), which are molten organic salts with melting points below 100 °C, act as excellent green solvents − and organocatalysts − for lignocellulose processing. − Although the relatively high cost of ILs has been a barrier to their industrial use, this can be offset by recycling ILs . Further, the process scalability has been improved by exploiting a reactive extrusion process. , Previous studies have demonstrated the dominant role of ILs in the generation of wood fibers (by dissolution), esterified wood (by acetylation/benzoylation), , and wood–plastic composites (by blending with polystyrene/polypropylene). , However, these approaches are prone to several disadvantages, such as poor performances of the products (e.g., fragile and brittle) and inadequate improvement in the moldability of lignocellulose (i.e., insufficient solubility and heat-melt properties). This necessitates a novel and advanced strategy for the material and process design for the development of thermoplastics with enhanced pliability and processability.…”