Low-Voltage Mach–Zehnder Modulator with InGaAs/InAlAs Five-Layer Asymmetric Coupled Quantum Well

Arakawa, Taro; Hariki, Takehiro; Amma, Yoshimichi; Ushigome, Motoki; Tada, Kunio

doi:10.1143/jjap.51.042203

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The discrepancy between the theoretical electric field and experimental voltage may come from unintentional background doping in the intrinsic region. Background doping results in non-uniform applied electric field for multiple quantum well structure even with very small doping level of 10 15 cm -3 [28]. Also, especially for 3 and 4 V, although the bulk absorption increase for larger photon energy can be seen for experimental spectra, it is not taken into account in our simulation.…”

Section: Qcse Of Ge/sige Quantum Wellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantum-Confined Stark Effect Analysis of GeSn/SiGeSn Quantum Wells for Mid-Infrared Si-Based Electroabsorption Devices Based on Many-Body Theory

Fujisawa

Saitoh

2015

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-Quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) of group IV Ge(Sn)/SiGe(Sn) quantum wells (QWs) on Si substrate is analyzed by microscopic many-body theory for mid-infrared Si-based electroabsorption devices. To show the validity of the theory, QCSE of Ge/SiGe QW is investigated and very good agreement between theory and reported measured results is obtained. Next, QCSE of GeSn/SiGeSn QWs is analyzed and the QW design for electroabsorption modulators to obtain large extinction ratio in mid-infrared region is presented. It is shown that compressive and tensile strained well and barrier layers is preferable to obtain large extinction ratio due to its large conduction band offset.Index Terms -Si photonics, GeSn quantum wells, electroabsorption modulators, quantum-confined Stark effect, and many-body theory.

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Section: Qcse Of Ge/sige Quantum Wellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantum-Confined Stark Effect Analysis of GeSn/SiGeSn Quantum Wells for Mid-Infrared Si-Based Electroabsorption Devices Based on Many-Body Theory

Fujisawa

Saitoh

2015

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…As a CQW, we use an InGaAs/InAlAs five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum well (FACQW). 15,16) Owing to its unique characteristics of the quantum-confined Stark effect, the FACQW exhibits a large electrorefractive index change even in the transparent wavelength region far from the absorption edge. At cryogenic temperature, the large electric-field induced change in the refractive index is expected to be enhanced.…”

Section: Optical Interconnection Systems For Superconducting Integrat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of ultra-low voltage quantum well optical modulator for optical interconnection in superconducting integrated circuit systems

Sakai

Kato

Yoshikawa

et al. 2020

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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An ultra-low-voltage microring resonator enhanced Mach-Zehnder modulator (MRR-MZM) operated at 4.2 K is proposed and theoretically investigated for the realization of high-speed optical interconnection for the Josephson-complementary metal oxide semiconductor hybrid systems. We discussed the design of the multiple InGaAs/InAlAs coupled quantum well (CQW) for the operating temperature of 4.2 K, and the structure which is expected to exhibit a significantly large change in refractive index is proposed. In addition, the MRR-MZM with the multiple CQW in the core layer is designed and its modulation characteristics are discussed. The driving voltage as low as sub mV with the modulation frequency as high as several GHz can be realized using the MRR-MZM. The proposed modulator is a highly promising candidate for an optical transmitter in optical interconnection for superconducting integrated circuits systems.

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“…An electrorefractive index change of as much as 4:4 Â 10 À3 at 2.4 V was also experimentally obtained in a multiple FACQW. 36) That is, an electrorefractive index change of more than 0.003 is expected when we consider the filling factor of the FACQW in the core layer to be 0.7. Therefore, in the following discussion, we assume that a refractive index change of as much as 0.003 can be obtained.…”

Section: Structure Of Core Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of Compact Tunable 1×2 Multimode Interference Splitter Based on Multiple Quantum Well

Kashima

Noh

Arakawa

2013

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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We propose a compact tunable 1×2 multimode interference (MMI) splitter based on an InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well for an active trimmer for Mach–Zehnder modulator with a very high extinction ratio. The light power splitting characteristics of the splitter are theoretically investigated by a beam propagation method and a three dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. It is assumed that the core layer is composed of a multiple five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum well (FACQW) that is expected to exhibit a large electrorefractive index change owing to its unique quantum confined Stark effect. By applying reverse voltages and changing slightly the refractive indices of the localized regions surrounded by trenches for electrical isolation, the power splitting ratio can be tuned over a wide range. The length and width of the proposed MMI with four refractive index modulation regions are 192 and 6 µm, respectively. The length can be reduced to 115 µm if the number of index modulation regions is reduced to two, though the tuning range of the splitting ratio is narrowed. The simulation results show that the proposed compact MMI splitter has a low insertion loss and a low power consumption, and is promising for Mach–Zehnder modulators with a very high extinction ratio.

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Low-Voltage Mach–Zehnder Modulator with InGaAs/InAlAs Five-Layer Asymmetric Coupled Quantum Well

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Quantum-Confined Stark Effect Analysis of GeSn/SiGeSn Quantum Wells for Mid-Infrared Si-Based Electroabsorption Devices Based on Many-Body Theory

Quantum-Confined Stark Effect Analysis of GeSn/SiGeSn Quantum Wells for Mid-Infrared Si-Based Electroabsorption Devices Based on Many-Body Theory

Proposal of ultra-low voltage quantum well optical modulator for optical interconnection in superconducting integrated circuit systems

Proposal of Compact Tunable 1×2 Multimode Interference Splitter Based on Multiple Quantum Well

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