Low temperatures reduce skin healing in the Jacaré do Pantanal (<i>Caiman yacare</i>, Daudin 1802)

Pressinotti, Leandro Nogueira; Borges, Ricardo Moraes; Lima, Angela Paula Alves De; Aleixo, Victor Manuel; Iunes, Renata Stecca; Borges, João Carlos Shimada; Cogliati, Bruno; Silva, José Roberto Machado Cunha da

doi:10.1242/bio.20135876

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the ability to regenerate osteoderms is unique to some species of Tarentola (in particular T. annularis and T. mauritanica ), and the anguid Anguis fragilis (Bryant and Bellairs, ). Osteoderms are not regenerated in crocodylians (Pressinotti et al, ), and there are no reports of their regeneration in armadillos. In Tarentola , both the bony basal plate and the capping layer of osteodermine are regenerated (osteodermine is not present in Anguis fragilis ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armored geckos: A histological investigation of osteoderm development inTarentola(Phyllodactylidae) andGekko(Gekkonidae) with comments on their regeneration and inferred function

Vickaryous

Meldrum

Russell

2015

Journal of Morphology

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Osteoderms are bone-rich organs found in the dermis of many scleroglossan lizards sensu lato, but are only known for two genera of gekkotans (geckos): Tarentola and Gekko. Here, we investigate their sequence of appearance, mode of development, structural diversity and ability to regenerate following tail loss. Osteoderms were present in all species of Tarentola sampled (Tarentola annularis, T. mauritanica, T. americana, T. crombei, T. chazaliae) as well as Gekko gecko, but not G. smithii. Gekkotan osteoderms first appear within the integument dorsal to the frontal bone or within the supraocular scales. They then manifest as mineralized structures in other positions across the head. In Tarentola and G. gecko, discontinuous clusters subsequently form dorsal to the pelvis/base of the tail, and then dorsal to the pectoral apparatus. Gekkotan osteoderm formation begins once the dermis is fully formed. Early bone deposition appears to involve populations of fibroblast-like cells, which are gradually replaced by more rounded osteoblasts. In T. annularis and T. mauritanica, an additional skeletal tissue is deposited across the superficial surface of the osteoderm. This tissue is vitreous, avascular, cell-poor, lacks intrinsic collagen, and is herein identified as osteodermine. We also report that following tail loss, both T. annularis and T. mauritanica are capable of regenerating osteoderms, including osteodermine, in the regenerated part of the tail. We propose that osteoderms serve roles in defense against combative prey and intraspecific aggression, along with anti-predation functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armored geckos: A histological investigation of osteoderm development inTarentola(Phyllodactylidae) andGekko(Gekkonidae) with comments on their regeneration and inferred function

Vickaryous

Meldrum

Russell

2015

Journal of Morphology

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“…However, the role (if any) of endothelial cells in the osteogenic population remains unknown. It is also worth noting that unlike some lizards, ODs in crocodylians and armadillos do not regenerate (Pressinotti et al ., 2013 ; see also Vickaryous et al ., 2015 ).…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 91%

A review of the osteoderms of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)

et al. 2021

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Osteoderms are mineralised structures consisting mainly of calcium phosphate and collagen. They form directly within the skin, with or without physical contact with the skeleton. Osteoderms, in some form, may be primitive for tetrapods as a whole, and are found in representatives of most major living lineages including turtles, crocodilians, lizards, armadillos, and some frogs, as well as extinct taxa ranging from early tetrapods to dinosaurs. However, their distribution in time and space raises questions about their evolution and homology in individual groups. Among lizards and their relatives, osteoderms may be completely absent; present only on the head or dorsum; or present all over the body in one of several arrangements, including non‐overlapping mineralised clusters, a continuous covering of overlapping plates, or as spicular mineralisations that thicken with age. This diversity makes lizards an excellent focal group in which to study osteoderm structure, function, development and evolution. In the past, the focus of researchers was primarily on the histological structure and/or the gross anatomy of individual osteoderms in a limited sample of taxa. Those studies demonstrated that lizard osteoderms are sometimes two‐layered structures, with a vitreous, avascular layer just below the epidermis and a deeper internal layer with abundant collagen within the deep dermis. However, there is considerable variation on this model, in terms of the arrangement of collagen fibres, presence of extra tissues, and/or a cancellous bone core bordered by cortices. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus on the contribution, if any, of osteoblasts in osteoderm development, despite research describing patterns of resorption and replacement that would suggest both osteoclast and osteoblast involvement. Key to this is information on development, but our understanding of the genetic and skeletogenic processes involved in osteoderm development and patterning remains minimal. The most common proposition for the presence of osteoderms is that they provide a protective armour. However, the large morphological and distributional diversity in lizard osteoderms raises the possibility that they may have other roles such as biomechanical reinforcement in response to ecological or functional constraints. If lizard osteoderms are primarily for defence, whether against predators or conspecifics, then this ‘bony armour’ might be predicted to have different structural and/or mechanical properties compared to other hard tissues (generally intended for support and locomotion). The cellular and biomineralisation mechanisms by which osteoderms are formed could also be different from those of other hard tissues, as reflected in their material composition and nanostructure. Material properties, especially the combination of malleability and resistance to impact, are of interest to the biomimetics and bioinspired material communities in the development of protective clothing and body armour. Currently, the literature on osteoderms is patchy a...

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“…Sleepy lizards enter brumation soon after grain crops are sown. Studies on wound healing suggest that reptiles at temperatures below their prefered optimum temperature zone have a reduced metabolic rate and healing is delayed [ 47 ]. It would also be likely that animals in brumation would not be able to respond to a toxic insult during brumation and signs of exposure might persist until the following spring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of body condition and haematology to detect widespread threatening processes in sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in two agricultural environments

et al. 2014

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Agricultural practices, including habitat alteration and application of agricultural chemicals, can impact wildlife resulting in their decline. Determining which of these practices are contributing to declines is essential if the declines are to be reversed. In this study, the health of two geographically separated sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) populations was compared between a rangeland environment and cropping environment using linear body size index (LBSI) and haematology. Animals in the cropping site were smaller, suggesting genetic differences as the result of geographical isolation. The animals in the cropping site had a lower LBSI and many were experiencing a regenerative anaemia. The anaemia was postulated to be the cause of the low LBSI. The anaemia appeared to be the result of haemolysis and was likely to be caused by exposure to agricultural chemicals applied in the cropping site but not the rangeland site. Elevated white blood cell counts in lizards in the rangeland site suggested that they were experiencing an inflammatory disease of possible ecological significance. Together, these results demonstrate the value of combining physical and haematological parameters when studying the impact of agricultural practices on wildlife. They also show that reptiles may be useful as sentinel species for livestock and humans.

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Low temperatures reduce skin healing in the Jacaré do Pantanal (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802)

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Armored geckos: A histological investigation of osteoderm development inTarentola(Phyllodactylidae) andGekko(Gekkonidae) with comments on their regeneration and inferred function

Armored geckos: A histological investigation of osteoderm development inTarentola(Phyllodactylidae) andGekko(Gekkonidae) with comments on their regeneration and inferred function

A review of the osteoderms of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)

The use of body condition and haematology to detect widespread threatening processes in sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in two agricultural environments

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