Low-Temperature Preservation of Human Erythrocytes

Pert, James H.; Moore, Russell L.; Schork, P.

doi:10.1159/000384330

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…extending the observations of PERT et al [13] and DOEBBLER and RINFRET [6] protected large volu 3 of red cells (250 ml) during freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen with both low intracellular concentrations of 17.5% glycerol and extracellular 4% sorbitol as additives. Erythrocytes in stainless steel rectangles were rapidly frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen.…”

Section: Krijnen Et Al [Lo]supporting

confidence: 74%

“…If they were to be stored for a week's use, they were resuspended and washed once in 5 vol of dextrose-electrolyte maintenance solution (CP-2). A 20% suspension was then prepared in fresh CP-2 solution, distributed into separate sets of sterile, screw-cap, 13 x 100 mm polystyrene tubes (Falcon Plastics, No. 2027) for each of seven days' use and stored at 4°C.…”

Section: Red Cell Freezing and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Method for the Preservation of Human Blood Group Erythrocyte Antigens in Liquid Nitrogen for a Test Cell Panel

Mohn¹,

Bowman²,

Cunningham³

1970

Vox Sanguinis

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A modification of Krijnen’s cryopreservation method, using low intracellular concentrations of 17.5% glycerol and extracellular 4% sorbitol as additives, has been developed for liquid nitrogen freezing of small volumes of erythrocytes for a test cell panel. A technique for their subsequent successful storage in sterile, dextrose-electrolyte maintenance solution (CP-2) at 4°C after recovery is presented. By these procedures, the mean recovery of red ceils after lytic losses from freezing and thawing injury was 94.1%. The manipulations involved in transferring, mixing and resuspending the red cells removed an additional 11.1-16.2%, resulting in an overall recovery of 80.5% for serologic tests. Less than 3% of the cells exhibited cumulative lysis at seven days maintenance in CP-2 solution at 4°C, and the blood group antigens examined remained as potent as those in sterile, fresh ACD blood.

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Section: Krijnen Et Al [Lo]supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Red Cell Freezing and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for the Preservation of Human Blood Group Erythrocyte Antigens in Liquid Nitrogen for a Test Cell Panel

Mohn¹,

Bowman²,

Cunningham³

1970

Vox Sanguinis

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“…In clinical practice, units of RBC are frozen using either low‐ or high‐glycerol methods (Pert et al ., 1965) Glycerol serves as a cryoprotectant, limiting the rate and extent of ice crystal formation during freezing (Meryman, 1975). Formation of crystalline ice in a biologic fluid leaves the salts behind, creating osmotic forces, which disrupt cell membranes.…”

Section: Rbc Freezing In Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red cell freezing and its impact on the supply chain

Hess

2004

Transfusion Medicine

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Red blood cells (RBC) can be frozen in glycerol solutions and stored for many years. Thawed RBC must have the glycerol removed, but the recovered cells have normal survival in humans. Freezing has been used to store RBC of rare phenotypes for more than 40 years. In the 1960s and 1970s, when medical technology and blood use were expanding rapidly and liquid whole blood and RBC storage were limited to 3 weeks, many attempts were made to expand the use of frozen RBC for meeting the needs for a stable blood supply and to have RBC reserves for emergencies. These attempts have largely been abandoned because of the cost of freezing, storing and processing, better management of the larger and longer lived RBC inventory, concerns about the safety of stored RBC that have not received the most up-to-date testing and the losses associated with the short shelf life of thawed RBC. New automated frozen RBC processing systems will potentially allow extending the outdate of thawed RBC to 2 weeks, but will not materially effect the costs or losses associated with the use of frozen RBC. RBC freezing will have little effect on the logistics of blood supply.

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“…In the first one (used in Europe), RBCs are cryopreserved and stored at −196°C using 20% w/v glycerol with rapid freezing rates (~100°C/min). [22][23][24] The HGM protocol (used in the United States) is based on the slow freezing (~1°C/min) of RBCs at −80°C in 40% w/v glycerol. [25][26][27] However, the optimal concentration of glycerol is up to 40%w/v, which may lead to hemolysis and RBC morphology alteration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryoprotectants for red blood cells: Evaluate safety and effectiveness by in vitro measures

Hu,

Liu,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

MedComm – Future Medicine

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The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is crucial in current medicinal research. The shelf‐life of donated RBCs preserved by the normal method is very short, limiting their clinical application. Cryopreservation is a reliable and effective technology for the long‐term storage of RBCs. During the process, ice formation will cause irreversible injuries to RBCs. Glycerol is used as a cryoprotectant (CPA) for RBCs to mitigate cryoinjuries. But it severely induces RBC hemolysis and deformation. This review introduces some biocompatible and effective CPAs used for RBC cryopreservation, outlining recent advances. Currently, there is no uniform standard to determine whether a CPA is suitable for RBCs. According to previous studies, we summarize for the first time comprehensive methods to evaluate the performance of CPAs by ensuring their safety and effectiveness. The safety of CPAs is defined as the degree of damage to RBCs, while the effectiveness is demonstrated by the properties of thawed RBCs, including membrane properties, protein activities, rheological properties, and metabolites levels. A novel CPA that is confirmed suitable for RBCs by these methods may be applied to other cells. We believe comprehensive methods can thoroughly evaluate the performance of CPAs and promote the development of transfusion therapy in clinic.

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Low-Temperature Preservation of Human Erythrocytes

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A Method for the Preservation of Human Blood Group Erythrocyte Antigens in Liquid Nitrogen for a Test Cell Panel

A Method for the Preservation of Human Blood Group Erythrocyte Antigens in Liquid Nitrogen for a Test Cell Panel

Red cell freezing and its impact on the supply chain

Cryoprotectants for red blood cells: Evaluate safety and effectiveness by in vitro measures

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