Low-Temperature, Highly Efficient Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Functional Materials by an Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reaction

Magrez, Arnaud; Seo, Jin Won; Smajda, Rita; Korbély, Barbara; Andresen, Juan Carlos; Mionić, Marijana; Casimirius, S.; Forró, Lászlø

doi:10.1021/nn100279j

Cited by 59 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…[50,62,85] Recently, Magrez et al demonstrated that it is possible to grow high-quality MWCNTs by CCVD at 400 8C when adding CO 2 to C 2 H 2 in stoichiometric amounts. [102] The formation of solid carbon occurs by oxidative dehydrogenation of acetylene instead of its dehydrogenation or pyrolysis. The addition of CO 2 favors the reaction thermodynamically (Figure 3 b).…”

Section: Possible Reactions and Corresponding Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

2011

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Tremendous progress has been achieved during the past 20 years on not only improving the yields of carbon nanotubes and move progressively towards their mass production, but also on gaining a profound fundamental understanding of the nucleation and the growth processes. Parameters that influence the yield but also the quality (e.g., microstructure, homogeneity within a batch) are better understood. The influence of the carbon precursor, the reaction conditions, the presence of a catalyst, the chemical and physical status of the latter, and other factors have been extensively studied. The purpose of the present Review is not to list all the experiments reported in the literature, but rather to identify trends and provide a comprehensive summary on the role of selected parameters. The role of the catalyst occupies a central place in this Review as a careful control of the metal particle size, particle dispersion on the support, the metastable phase formed under reaction conditions, its possible reconstruction, and faceting strongly influence the diameter of the carbon nanotubes, their structure (number of walls, graphene sheet orientation, chirality), their alignment, and the yield. The identified trends will be compared with recent observations on the growth of graphene. Recent results on metal-free catalysts will be analyzed from a different perspective.

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Section: Possible Reactions and Corresponding Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

2011

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“…The surface properties of the catalyst were consequently tailored such that the CVD process is more selective for the deposition of highly graphitic nanotubes. 30,31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of CVD grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes by high temperature annealing

et al. 2013

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We report on the increase of the Young's modulus (E) of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) upon high temperature heat treatment. The post heat-treatment at 2200–2800ºC in a controlled atmosphere results in a considerable improvement of the microstructure, chemical stability and electro-physical properties of the nanotubes. The Young's modulus of MWNTs of different diameters was measured by the deflection of a single tube suspended across the hole of silicon nitride membrane and loaded by an atomic force microscope tip. Contrary to previous reports, a strong increase of E was feasible due to the improved growth conditions of pristine carbon nanotubes and to the improved heat treatment conditions. However, the elastic modulus of CVD grown MWNTs still shows strong diameter dependence resulting from the remaining structural inhomogeneities in large diameter nanotubes.

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“…For example, when normalised to unit dimension, they exhibit about 10 3 times better current carrying capacity than copper, twice the thermal conductivity of diamond, 30 times lower fi eld-emission threshold voltage than molybdenum tips, and only half the material density of aluminium, but more than 20 times the tensile strength of steel alloys. [1][2][3] Nanotubes are also not compromised by native surface oxide insulating layers, and can be chemically functionalized, even in the plasma phase, in order to optimise their chemical compatibility with a range of organic materials. In particular, the electrical characteristics of MWNCTs make them ideal for enhancing the electrical properties of organic semiconductors using simple mixing techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Transmissive Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown at Low Substrate Temperature

Anguita

Cox

Ahmad

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Despite the “darker than black” association attributed to carbon nanotube forests, here is shown that it is also possible to grow these structures, over heat‐sensitive substrates, featuring highly transmissive characteristics from the UV to infrared wavelengths, for forest heights as high as 20 μm. The optical transmission is interpreted in terms of light propagation along channels that are self‐generated by localized bundling of tubes, acting as waveguides. A good correlation is shown between the distribution of diameter sizes of these sub‐wavelength voids and the transmission spectrum of the forests. For the shorter visible and near‐UV wavelengths, this model shows that light propagates by channeling along individual vertical voids in the forests, which elucidates the origin for the widely‐reported near‐zero reflectance values observed in forests. For the longer infrared wavelengths, the mode spreads over many nanotubes and voids, and propagates along a “homogeneous effective medium”. The strong absorption of the forest at the shorter wavelengths is correlated in terms of the stronger attenuation inside a waveguide cavity, according to the λ−1/2 attenuation dependency of standard waveguide theory. The realization of this material can lead to novel avenues in new optoelectronic device design, where the carbon nanotube forests can be used as highly conducting “scaffolds” for optically active materials, whilst also allowing light to penetrate to significant depths into the structure, in excess of 20 μm, enabling optical functionality.

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Low-Temperature, Highly Efficient Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Functional Materials by an Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reaction

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

Recent Progress on the Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Recent Progress on the Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Reinforcement of CVD grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes by high temperature annealing

Highly Transmissive Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown at Low Substrate Temperature

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