Low Systemic Levels of Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 3 (CCL3) are Associated with a High Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Glioma

Abstract

A tight interplay between inflammation and hemostasis has been described as a potential driver for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here, we investigated the association of systemic cytokine levels and risk of VTE in patients with glioma. This analysis was conducted within the prospective, observational Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study. Patients with glioma were included at time of diagnosis or progression and were observed for a maximum of two years. Primary endpoint was objectively confirmed VTE. At study entry, a single blood draw was performed. A panel of nine cytokines was measured in serum samples with the xMAP technology developed by Luminex. Results: Overall, 76 glioma patients were included in this analysis, and 10 (13.2%) of them developed VTE during the follow-up. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL3) levels were inversely associated with risk of VTE (hazard ratio [HR] per double increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.161–0.925, p = 0.033), while there was no association between the risk of VTE and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. In conclusion, low serum levels of CCL3 were associated with an increased risk of VTE. CCL3 might serve as a potential biomarker to predict VTE risk in patients with glioma.

IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers associated with disease severity of COVID-19

“…Mercler et al reported that the culture medium of pulmonary endothelial cell from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension contains a high level of FGF-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 (Mercier et al 2017 ). Mir et al reported that MIP1α may be used as a potential biomarker to predict the risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with glioma (Mir Seyed Nazari et al 2019 ). Several studies reported that MCP-1 may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the formation of atherosclerotic plaques (Li et al 1993 ).…”

“…It can interact with CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5 (Ntanasis-Stathopoulos et al 2020 ). Low levels of MIP1α are associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (Mir Seyed Nazari et al 2019 ).…”

IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers associated with disease severity of COVID-19

“…Mercler et al reported that the culture medium of pulmonary endothelial cell from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension contains a high level of FGF-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 (11). Mir et al reported that MIP1α may be used as a potential biomarker to predict the risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with glioma (12). Several studies reported that MCP-1 may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the formation of atherosclerotic plaques (9).…”

“…It can interact with CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5 (18). Low levels of MIP1α are associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (19).…”

Management of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: An Evolving Area

“…This Special Issue of Cancers is a collection of eight translational, clinical research, and review articles on recent advances in the management of CAT. The authors discuss the unmet needs of patients with CAT and address the limits of current therapeutic approaches by analyzing strengths and weaknesses of recent trials [ 13 ], as well as the management of incidental VTE [ 14 , 15 ], which account for 50% of VTE in cancer patients, and the need for individualized strategies for CAT prevention [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”