IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers associated with disease severity of COVID-19

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with this disease may be more prone to venous or arterial thrombosis because of the activation of many factors involved in it, including inflammation, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. Interferon gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP1α) are cytokines related to thrombosis. Therefore, this study focused on these three indicators in COVID-19, with the hope to find biomarkers that are associated with patients’ outcome.Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study involving 74 severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients recruited from the ICU department of the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. The patients were divided into two groups: severe patients and critically ill patients. The serum IP-10, MCP-1 and MIP1α level in both groups was detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and the outcome of COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The serum IP-10 and MCP-1 level in critically ill patients was significantly higher than that in severe patients (P<0.001). However, no statistical difference in MIP1α between the two groups was found. The analysis of dynamic changes showed that these indicators remarkably increased in patients with poor prognosis. Since the selected patients were severe or critically ill, no significant difference was observed between survival and death.Conclusions: IP-10 and MCP-1 are biomarkers associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease and can be related to the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.

FLUAV RAM-IGIP: A modified live influenza virus vaccine that enhances humoral and mucosal responses against influenza

“…TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IL-22 levels were comparable between the RAM-IGIP and mock-vaccinated-challenged groups. The elevated levels of lung and serum IP-10 (as well as other pro-inflammatory cytokines) observed in caLen-vaccinated mice align with previous reports linking active virus replication and disease severity during influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections (29,(32)(33)(34). Interestingly, lower levels of lung IL-23, IL-10, and IL-2, and increased serum levels of TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IL-22 in the RAM-IGIP group are consistent with improved protection against influenza.…”

Infection-induced vascular inflammation in COVID-19 links focal microglial dysfunction with neuropathologies through IL-1/IL-6-related systemic inflammatory states

“…These observations may suggest that while chronic inflammatory comorbidities promote the risk of poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 cases (51), SARS-CoV-2 infection markedly reshapes proinflammatory fingerprints across the body. Supporting our findings, circulating IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 levels are strongly associated with disease severity (52)(53)(54) in COVID-19 patients, while high viral load and low CCL5 expression levels were associated with intensive care unit admission or death (36). However, these inflammatory mediators have only been characterized in the CSF previously in COVID-19 cases and central-systemic links have not been established.…”

Human Cytokine and Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Interactivity Using Large-Scale Virtual Screens

“…The decreasing capacity for inhibition of cytokine signaling could be at least partially responsible for the decreased severity of disease observed with Omicron. Of the four cytokine that HADDOCK predicted would bind with decreased affinity, CXCL10 stands out as it is a strong predictor of disease severity (18)(19)(20). Decreased disregulation of CXCL10 by Omicron N could contribute to any related phenotypic change towards lower severity.…”