Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of muscle mass reduction. However, the association between muscle mass and mortality in T2DM remains unknown. Methods: This was a historical cohort study with the endpoint of all-cause mortality. This study included 163 Japanese men and 141 postmenopausal women with T2DM whose body compositions were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass was defined as a skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of <7.0 kg/m 2 for men and <5.4 kg/m 2 for women. Results: During the 6-year follow-up period, 32 men and 14 women died. In a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, T2DM duration, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, fasting C-peptide, body mass index, and lean body mass were associated with the risk of mortality in men [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–3.28 per standard deviation (SD) decrease, p = 0.049] and women (HR = 4.53, 95% CI = 1.14–17.96 per SD decrease, p = 0.032). Neither fat mass nor bone mineral content was associated with mortality. Low SMI was associated with increased mortality in women (HR = 5.97, 95% CI = 1.04–34.37, p = 0.045), while the association between low SMI and mortality was marginal in men (HR = 2.38, 95% CI = 0.92–6.14, p = 0.074). Conclusions: Low muscle mass was independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM. The preservation of skeletal muscle mass is important to protect patients with T2DM from increased mortality risk.

Myogenetic Oligodeoxynucleotide (myoDN) Recovers the Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts Deteriorated by Diabetes Mellitus

“…Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is decreased by type 1 DM (T1DM) due to loss of insulin signaling, and protein degradation is enhanced with myostatin-mediated autophagy in type 2 DM (T2DM) ( Sala and Zorzano, 2015 ). Particularly, an age-adjusted study reported that muscle wasting is an independent risk for all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM ( Miyake et al, 2019 ). Prevention of DM-associated muscle loss is an important subject but there is no efficacious drugs, because it is still a complicated pathology and underlying mechanism has not been fully understood.…”

Myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide (myoDN) recovers the differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts deteriorated by diabetes mellitus

“…Aging and obesity are major risk factors in diabetes mellitus (DM), and the number of patients with DM is increasing worldwide. Muscle wasting is associated with the risk of mortality in patients with DM (Miyake et al, 2019). Therefore, the prevention and treatment of DM-associated sarcopenic obesity is important for public health (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Muscle is a major organ for glucose metabolism [ 9 ]; therefore, muscle is an important target for treatment of patients with T2D. It has been reported that muscle mass loss is associated with low quality of life [ 28 ], cardiovascular disease [ 29 , 30 ], and mortality [ 31 ]. Previous studies revealed that muscle mass of patients with T2D is unchanged or slightly decreased in the natural course [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”