Low sidelobe pattern synthesis using projection method with mutual coupling compensation

Kojima, Naoya; Hariu, Kenichi; Chiba, Isamu

doi:10.1109/past.2003.1257042

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hence, the field of the th element with respect to its coordinate system is given by where and are respectively the unit vectors in the and directions; and and are respectively the element pattern functions of the and components. Note these element pattern functions can either be described by a suitable model for simulation purpose, or obtained from measurements or EM simulations so as to take the actual radiation properties of real antenna systems and their mutual coupling into account [24]. Other effects such as measurement errors and deviation in radiation characteristics due to the feeding and supporting structures etc are not considered in our formulation.…”

Section: Radiation Pattern Of Conformal Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Synthesis of Narrowband Conformal Arrays Using Iterative Second-Order Cone Programming

Tsui

Chan

2010

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A new design method is proposed for the power or shaped beam pattern synthesis problem of narrowband conformal arrays, where only the magnitude response is specified. The proposed method iteratively linearizes the non-convex power pattern function to obtain a convex subproblem in the design variables, which can be solved optimally using second-order cone programming (SOCP). In addition, a wide variety of magnitude constraints such as non-convex lower bound magnitude constraints can be incorporated. An efficient technique for determining a reasonably good initial guess to the problem is also proposed to further improve the reliability of the method. Computer simulations show that the initial guesses so obtained converge to satisfactory solutions while satisfying various prescribed magnitude constraints. Design results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to the optimal solution previously obtained for uniform linear arrays with isotropic elements. Moreover, we show by means of examples that the proposed method is also applicable to general non-convex power pattern synthesis problems involving arbitrary array geometries, arbitrary polarization characteristics and mutual coupling effect. Index Terms-Conformal antenna arrays, mutual coupling, narrowband design, polarization, power pattern synthesis, second-order cone programming, shaped beam pattern synthesis.

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Section: Radiation Pattern Of Conformal Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Synthesis of Narrowband Conformal Arrays Using Iterative Second-Order Cone Programming

Tsui

Chan

2010

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…Steyskal and Herd [13] proposed a technique that determines the mutual coupling matrix (MCM) from active element patterns; however, the application is limited to equal‐spaced linear or planar arrays, because it is based on the Fourier decomposition method. The new method for calculating the MCM, which could be applicable to conformal array, is proved by Kojima et al [14]; yet, this method needs complex integral to radiation space and does not consider the measurement errors for different direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experimental study of mutual coupling in conformal array

Zhao

Xiao

et al. 2011

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Also, the top and bottom CPW layers are assumed to be similar due to the fact that the design in this letter aims at having an equal power from the three output ports.The design equations (1)- (10) can now be used to find the initial design dimensions (w m , w c , and w s ) of the three-way equal-power divider. Concerning the length of the coupled structure (l), it is equal to quarter of the effective wavelength at the center of the passband (6.85 GHz). RESULTSAn equal-power three-way power divider aimed at the operation in the UWB range 3.1-10.6 GHz was designed, developed, and tested. Rogers RO4003C (dielectric constant ¼ 3.55, thickness ¼ 0.508 mm, and loss tangent ¼ 0.0027) was used as the substrate. Using the proposed design approach and with the help of the optimization capability of the software CST Microwave Studio, parameters of the device (shown in Fig. 1) were found to be: w s ¼ 6.7 mm, w c ¼ 1.7 mm, w m ¼ 2.1 mm, width of the 50 X microstrip input/output ports ¼ 0.75 mm, width of the central conductor in the 50 X CPW output ports ¼ 0.6 mm, and width of the slot in the CPW output ports ¼ 0.2 mm. The length of the coupled layers l is equal to quarter of the effective wavelength at the center frequency of operation (6.85 GHz). After optimization, l was found to be 4.6 mm. A photograph of the developed device is depicted in Figure 4. It has a compact size with an overall dimension of 25 Â 25 mm 2 . The designed power divider was tested via simulations and measurements. The output power at the three output ports, as shown in Figure 5 (because of symmetry S31 ¼ S41), is equal to À4.77 6 1 dB (ideal value ¼ À4.77 dB) across the band from 3.1 to 11.5 GHz revealing an UWB performance. The isolation between the three output ports is presented in Figure 5 (because of symmetry S32 ¼ S42). The simulated and measured isolation between ports 3 and 2 (or between the ports 4 and 2) is better than 20 dB, whereas it is better than 18 dB across the band from 3 to 6.5 GHz and better than 13 dB across the whole UWB (3.1-0.6 GHz) between the ports 3 and 4. The return loss at the input/output ports of the device is revealed in Figure 6 (note that because of symmetry S44 ¼ S33). It is better than 16 dB at the four ports of the device across the band from 3 to 10.6 GHz. In general, there is a good agreement between the simulated and measured results shown in Figures 5 and 6. CONCLUSIONSA compact three-way power divider with UWB performance has been presented. The proposed divider utilizes a simple broadside-coupled microstrip/CPW structure. The simulated and measured results of the developed device have shown equal three-way power division, good return loss, and isolation across the band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. that the element patterns in array are modeled simply as a cosine function [6, 7]. A few methods use the element pattern represented by the calculated or measured results for the isolated elements [8]; nevertheless, it may not be applicable for a practical conformal array, where each element ''faces'' a different environ...

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“…The least mean square error of the constrained least-squares optimization method is introduced to synthesize the large conformal antenna arrays with constraints for the element excitation amplitudes and a phase synthesis with predefined amplitudes [8]. [9] has combined the projection method with mutual coupling compensation to obtain a sidelobe constraint pattern of the conformal antenna array especially in digital beam forming systems. A simulated annealing technique developed for circular arc arrays is presented as a method for synthesizing the radiation pattern for three-dimensional (3-D) conformal arrays in [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Synthesis of Conformal Antenna Array by the Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

Xu¹,

Liang²,

Qi-zhong³

et al. 2008

PIER

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Abstract-Desired far-field radiation patterns of 5 × 11 conformal antenna array are synthesized using a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA), which combines the simplified quadratic interpolation (SQI) method and the real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA). This hybrid genetic algorithm is shown to outperform standard genetic algorithm (GA) when used to synthesize amplitude weights of the elements to satisfy specified deep notches, nulls and average sidelobe level constraints. The HGA procedure appears to be a high effective means to compensate the mutual coupling effects on the individual element patterns for the conformal antenna array.

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Low sidelobe pattern synthesis using projection method with mutual coupling compensation

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Pattern Synthesis of Narrowband Conformal Arrays Using Iterative Second-Order Cone Programming

Pattern Synthesis of Narrowband Conformal Arrays Using Iterative Second-Order Cone Programming

The experimental study of mutual coupling in conformal array

Pattern Synthesis of Conformal Antenna Array by the Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

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