Low Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Humans and Small Ruminants in the Gambia

Germeraad, Evelien A.; Hogerwerf, Lenny; Faye-Joof, Tisbeh; Goossens, B.; Hoek, Wim van der; Jeng, Momodou; Lamin, Modou; Manneh, Ismaila L; Nwakanma, Davis; Roest, H.I.J.; Secka, Arss; Stegeman, Arjan; Wegmüller, Rita; Sande, Marianne A. B. van der; Secka, Ousman

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166035

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Similar to our findings, Shome et al [ 9 ] also reported an apparent prevalence of 7.45% in small ruminants of our neighboring country, India, but contrary to our findings, they recorded significantly higher prevalence in sheep as compared to goats ( p < 0.0001). In contrast to our findings, some previous studies showed lower prevalence rates of small ruminant brucellosis such as 1.79% in Tselemti district, Northern Ethiopia [ 45 ], 1.8% in Debre Zeit and Modjo export abattoirs of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia [ 46 ], 1.2% in Gambia [ 47 ], 5.1% in different farms of Punjab, Pakistan [ 36 ], 6.26% in Southeast Europe [ 48 ], 0.4% in Northwest Ethiopia [ 49 ], 3.4% in Quetta and its surrounding areas of Pakistan [ 50 ], 3.2% in Borena, Southern Ethiopia [ 51 ], and 4.5% in China [ 52 ]. On the other hand, as compared to our findings, higher prevalence rates had also been reported in some parts of the world including South Omo Zone, Ethiopia [ 53 ], Iraq [ 54 ], India [ 23 ], Thailand [ 55 ], Nigeria [ 56 ], and Jordan [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan

Awais,

Khadim,

Akhtar

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease of veterinary and public health importance with considerably higher prevalence in developing/underdeveloped countries. This study reports the prevalence and risk determinants of brucellosis in small ruminants of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, sera samples (n = 392) of small ruminants were collected and subjected to preliminary screening using commercially available RBPT reagents followed by serodetection of brucellosis using multispecies i-ELISA kit (ID.vet, France). All the ELISA positive samples were confirmed by PCR using genus-specific primers, and frequencies of Brucella species in positive samples were enumerated using species-specific primers. Results indicated seropositivity rates of 9.69, 9.95, and 10.20% in study population using RBPT reagents of IDEXX-USA, ID.Vet-France, and VRI-Pakistan, respectively, with a statistically nonsignificant difference p>0.05. Results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.14% in target population with a slightly higher rate in sheep (7.65%) as compared to goat (6.63%) population (p=0.695; OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.53, 2.57). Results revealed that out of total positive samples, B. abortus was detected in 60.71% of seropositive samples and B. melitensis was detected in 14.28% of positive samples. It was revealed that risk factors including body condition scores, hygienic conditions of the housing facility, farming system, reproductive disorders, educational status of farmers, and awareness of farmers about brucellosis had significant association with brucellosis in small ruminants of study area p<0.05. Conversely, farm/herd size, locality, gender, age, weight, and parity showed a nonsignificant association p>0.05 with brucellosis. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants of Multan, Pakistan. It is recommended to devise and implement effective control strategies with a major focus on raising awareness about brucellosis in farmers for the containment of infection in the region.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan

Awais,

Khadim,

Akhtar

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…After diagnosis confirmation, serum and urine samples were collected from the dog. Serologic testing for B. suis yielded a positive result by microscopic agglutination test (MAT; >120 IU/mL) and rose bengal test ( 4 , 5 ). Serologic test results for B. canis (serum agglutination test <50 IU/mL) ( 1 ) and bacteriologic culture of a urine sample were negative.…”

Section: The Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella suis Infection in Dog Fed Raw Meat, the Netherlands

Dijk¹,

Engelsma²,

Visser³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…This kind of model needs to be adopted by India as well. Other countries like the Gambia that report low prevalence for brucellosis should also be looked upon as a paradigm [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study to identify the practices of the buffalo keepers which inadvertently lead to the spread of brucellosis in Delhi

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIndia has the largest Buffalo population in the world, with every household in rural India owning buffaloes depending upon daily milk requirement – dairy farmers can own between 10 to 70 buffaloes. The health of Indian buffaloes is of economic importance since India is one of the largest buffalo meat exporters in the world, and Indian Buffalo semen is sold in the USA for breeding purposes. However, National Control Program on brucellosis is only active in South India and in Panjab (a North Indian state with high human brucellosis incidence). Our aim was to assess the knowledge and practices of the buffalo keepers of Delhi that make them susceptible to brucellosis.ResultsAmongst all the 11 districts of Delhi, there was 0% awareness about brucellosis and also about the S19 vaccine as the buffalo keepers had never heard of S19 vaccine which is available at minimal cost from Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India. Majority of the respondents drink raw milk, sleep in cattle sheds, do not isolate sick cattle, do not test buffaloes blood for any disease before purchasing them, apply intrauterine medication with bare hands to buffalo after abortion of foetus, never clean their cattle sheds with a disinfectant and believe that they can only acquire skin infections from cattle. All of these habits make them prone to brucellosis. While about 20 to 27% of respondents reported a history of abortions and retained placenta, disposed of the placenta with bare hands, and applied raw milk on cracked lips. It was surprising to note that majority of them never reared small ruminants like sheep and goat with buffaloes or Bos species as they were aware of the rapid spread of disease from small to big ruminants.ConclusionsWe found that buffalo keepers were ignorant of brucellosis, its causative agent, relevant vaccines and that they also involved in high-risk activities. As such, our findings highlight a need for buffalo keepers to be better educated via several awareness camps to minimize human exposure to Brucella in Delhi.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1670-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Low Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Humans and Small Ruminants in the Gambia

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan

Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan

Brucella suis Infection in Dog Fed Raw Meat, the Netherlands

A study to identify the practices of the buffalo keepers which inadvertently lead to the spread of brucellosis in Delhi

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