Low Sensitivity of
            <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>
            to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Mereghetti, Laurent; Quentin, Roland; Mee, N. Marquet-Van Der; Audurier, A

doi:10.1128/aem.66.11.5083-5086.2000

Cited by 135 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In order to compare the susceptibility of the donor, recipient, transconjugant, and transformant to a quaternary ammonium compound, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each strain to benzalkonium chloride were determined (22). A single colony of an organism to be tested was used to inoculate 3 ml of LB broth, and then these cultures were incubated at 37 C with shaking until they reached an OD 600 of 0.4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Region of a Putative Virulence Plasmid from an Escherichia coli Isolate Incriminated in Avian Colibacillosis

2004

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Infections due to Escherichia coli have been costly to the poultry industry, but the exact virulence mechanisms used by these organisms to cause disease in birds remain undefined. Several factors have been shown to contribute to the virulence of avian E. coli, and many of the genes encoding these factors have been found on large conjugative plasmids. Because of the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes on these same plasmids, it is possible that the use of antimicrobial agents may select for persistence of E. coli containing such plasmids. In the present study, a subclone of one of these plasmids was identified as likely containing some virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In an effort to better understand the relationship between virulence and resistance in these plasmids, this subclone was sequenced and the sequence analyzed. Analysis of this 30-kilobase (kb) region of plasmid pTJ100 revealed a mosaic of virulence genes, insertion sequences, antimicrobial resistance cassettes, and their remnants. Many of the resistance genes found in this region were expressed under laboratory conditions, indicating that certain antimicrobial agents, including disinfectants, antibiotics, and heavy metals, could promote selection of E. coli containing such plasmids in the production environment. Also, analysis of the G + C content of this clone indicated that it is the likely consequence of a complex evolution with components derived from various sources. The occurrence of many mobile elements in conjunction with antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in this 30-kb region may indicate that the genetic constitution of the clone is quite plastic. Although further study will be required to better define this plasmid's role in avian E. coli virulence, the sequence described here is, to our knowledge, the longest known contiguous sequence of a ColV plasmid yet presented. Analysis of this sequence indicates that this clone and its parent plasmid may be important to the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis and the evolution of avian E. coli virulence. KeywordsEscherichia coli, avian colibacillosis, antimicrobial resistance, disinfectant resistance, heavy metal resistance, virulence, R plasmid, poultry, Tn21, pTJ100 SUMMARY. Infections due to Escherichia coli have been costly to the poultry industry, but the exact virulence mechanisms used by these organisms to cause disease in birds remain undefined. Several factors have been shown to contribute to the virulence of avian E. coli, and many of the genes encoding these factors have been found on large conjugative plasmids. Because of the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes on these same plasmids, it is possible that the use of antimicrobial agents may select for persistence of E. coli containing such plasmids. In the present study, a subclone of one of these plasmids was identified as likely containing some virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In an effort to better understand the relationship between virulence and resistance in these plasm...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Region of a Putative Virulence Plasmid from an Escherichia coli Isolate Incriminated in Avian Colibacillosis

2004

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“…Quaternary ammonium salts, commonly referred to as "quats," form bacteriostatic films after application to surfaces and are effective in killing pathogens such as L. monocytogenes (Marriott, 1994). Benzalkonium chloride and cetrimide were lethal to 90 of 97 strains of L. monocytogenes (Merghetti et al, 2000). Quats are more effective in the presence of organic matter than are chlorine or iodine sanitizers.…”

Section: Alkali Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation of Foodborne Pathogens Exposed to Extreme pH Conditions: Genetic Basis and Implications in Foods and Food Processing Environments

Sharma

Taormina²,

Beuchat

2003

FSTR

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Foodborne microorganisms capable of causing human diseases are exposed to a wide range of physical and chemical stresses in the environment. Exposure of cells to extreme, yet sublethal, preharvest and postharvest conditions can result in habituation or adaptation, which may subsequently afford protection against otherwise lethal stresses. The genetic basis for production of acid-shock proteins and heat-shock proteins as well as other intracellular and extracellular factors that play a role in the development of tolerance and cross protection to environmental stresses has been studied extensively, the focus largely being directed toward Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Less is known about habituation of other foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in extreme alkaline environments. Exposure of cells to sublethal concentrations of alkaline cleaners and sanitizers routinely used in food processing plants, for example, creates conditions for alkaline habituation which may result in cross protection against heat or other pasteurization or preservation technologies used in the food industry. This paper briefly reviews the genetic basis for development of tolerance of foodborne pathogens to extreme pH conditions and discusses some of the practical implications in foods and food processing environments.

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“…Laboratoryderived mutants of Pseudomonas stutzeri with resistance to the cationic biocide chlorhexidine were also cross-resistant to antibiotics (nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and ampicillin) (7). In a recent study, 7% of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the environment and food products showed resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (8).…”

Section: Development Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%