Low Root Temperature Effects on Soybean Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis

Duke, Stanley H.; Schrader, L. E.; Henson, Cynthia A.; Servaites, Jerome C.; Vogelzang, Robert D.; Pendleton, John W.

doi:10.1104/pp.63.5.956

Cited by 55 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In fact, the benefit of legumes to the growth of associated grass varies depending on both legume and grass species (Ta and Fails, 1987a). On the other hand, environmental variations, which are also known to affect NF (Feigenbaum and Mengel, 1979;Harding and Sheeley, 1980;Schweitzer and Harper, 1980;Wahua and Miller, 1978), N assimilation (Duke et al, 1979, Duke andDoehlert, 1981) and N excretion (Taet al, 1986;Virtanen et al, 1937) by legumes, would therefore also affect NT. Wyss and Wilson (1937) suggested that the relationship between photosynthesis and NF as affected by environmental conditions may be the dominant factor controlling N excretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of environmental conditions on the fixation and transfer of nitrogen from alfalfa to associated timothy

Ta¹,

Faris²

1988

Plant Soil

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Nitrogen fixation (NF) by alfalfa and nitrogen transfer (NT) from alfalfa to associated timothy was studied under different environmental conditions in controlled growth chambers, using the ~N dilution technique. Evidence was obtained of NT from alfalfa to the associated timothy. Conditions that favored NF by alfalfa resulted in an increase in its NT. Of 3 different temperature regimes (25/20, 16/14, and 12/9~ day/night), 16-25/14-20~ was the best range for NF by alfalfa and resulted in the greatest NT. High light intensity (550 uE.m -2.sec -1) and long days (16-20 h) also caused increased NF by alfalfa and benefitting timothy more than in a regime of low light intensity (by shading 50% or 75%) or short days (12/12 or 16/8 h day/night). When the inoculated (Rhizobium melilotO root systems of plants were kept free from other microorganisms (axenic condition) to minimize possible decomposition of dead tissues, lower NT from alfalfa was observed, especially at later cuts, compared to non-axenic plants. This suggests that both direct excretion and decomposition of dead alfalfa tissues are sources of N benefit from alfalfa to associated timothy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of environmental conditions on the fixation and transfer of nitrogen from alfalfa to associated timothy

Ta¹,

Faris²

1988

Plant Soil

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“…cv. Wells) (Duke et al 1979), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne) (Clarkson and Warner 1979), arctic plant species (Atkin and Cummins 1994), Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden (Garnett and Smethurst 1999), and rose (Rosa Â hybrida cv. Grand Gala) plants (Calatayud et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of root-zone temperature and N, P, and K supplies on nutrient uptake of cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) seedlings in hydroponics

Yan

Duan

Mao

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The nutrient uptake and allocation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings at different root-zone temperatures (RZT) and different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients were examined. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution for 30 d at two root-zone temperatures (a diurnally Fuctuating ambient 10 C-RZT and a constant 20 C-RZT) with the aerial parts of the plants maintained at ambient temperature (10 C-30 C). Based on a Hoagland nutrient solution, seven N, P, and K nutrient concentrations were supplied to the plants at each RZT. Results showed that total plant and shoot dry weights under each nutrient treatment were significantly lower at low root-zone temperature (10 C-RZT) than at elevated root-zone temperature (20 C-RZT). But higher root dry weights were obtained at 10 C-RZT than those at 20 C-RZT. Total plant dry weights at both 10 C-RZT and 20 C-RZT were increased with increased solution N concentration, but showed different responses under P and K treatments. All estimated nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) and uptake by the plant were obviously influenced by RZT. Low root temperature (10 C-RZT) caused a remarkable reduction in total N, P, and K uptake of shoots in all nutrient treatments, and more nutrients were accumulated in roots at 10 C-RZT than those at 20 C-RZT. N, P, and K uptakes and distribution ratios in shoots were both improved at elevated root-zone temperature (20 C-RZT). N supplies were favorable to P and K uptake at both 10 C-RZT and 20 C-RZT, with no significantly positive correlation between N and P, or N and K uptake. In conclusion, higher RZT was more beneficial to increase of plant biomass and mineral nutrient absorption than was increase of nutrient concentration. Among the three element nutrients, increasing N nutrient concentration in solution promoted better tolerance to low RZT in cucumber seedlings than increasing P and K. In addition, appropriately decreased P concentration favors plant growth.

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“…Trimmed plants were either potted and maintained in a greenhouse or washed, wrapped in wet cheesecloth and plastic, and stored at -2°C until use. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium meliloti strains (Nitragen Co., Milwaukee, WI) and irrigated with a nitrogen-free nutrient solution (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-Amylases from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots

Doehlert¹,

Duke²,

Anderson³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Amylase was found in high activty (193 international units per milliam protein) in the tap root of alfalfa (Medcago satia L. cv. Sonra). The activity was separated by gel filtration chromatography into two fractions with molecular weights of 65,700 (beavy amylase) and 41,700 (light amylase). Activty staining of electropboretic gels indicated the presence of one isozyme in the heavy amylase fraction and two in the liht amylase fraction. Three amylase isozymes with electropboretic mobilties identical to those in the heavy and the light amylase fractions were the only amylases identified in crude root preparations. Both heavy and lht amylases hydrolyzed amylopectin, soluble starch, and amylose but did not hydrolyze puflulan or p-limit dextrin. The ratio of viscosity change to reducing power production during starch hydrolysis was identical for both alfalfa amylase fractions and sweet potato P-amylase, while that of bacterial a-amylase was considerably higher. The identification of maltose and -limit dextrin as hydrolytic end-products confirmed that these alfalfa root amylases are ail .8-amylases. Beta-amylase (a-1,4-glucan maltohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.2) is an exoamylase that attacks the nonreducing ends of starch molecules, producing ,B-maltose and fl-limit dextrin as products (22). Betaamylases are strictly plant enzymes that have been reported in ungerminated wheat and soybean seeds (11, 23); germinating barley, rice, sorghum, and wheat seeds (3,6,7,15); sweet potato roots (1); broad bean leaves (5); and pea seedling roots (21).Amylases are of particular interest in the perennial legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which stores large quantities of starch in its fleshy tap root. This starch serves as a carbohydrate reserve that is used for winter survival and shoot regeneration following harvest of the shoot as a forage (17,19). Amylase has been reported in high activity in the tap root of several alfalfa cultivars (8), and activity staining of electrophoretically separated proteins on polyacrylamide gels has shown the presence of two or three isozymes of amylase in alfalfa tap roots (13). In this study, we describe the separation, identification, and characterization of isozymes of 8-amylase from alfalfa root tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Sonora) was planted in the spring as described previously (8). In the autumn of the seeding year, plants were collected, shoots clipped to within 2.5 cm of crowns, and all secondary roots removed from tap roots. Trimmed plants were either potted and maintained in a greenhouse or washed, wrapped in wet cheesecloth and plastic, and stored at -2°C until use. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium meliloti strains (Nitragen Co., Milwaukee, WI) and irrigated with a nitrogen-free nutrient solution (9).Separation of f8-Amylase Isozymes. Whole tap roots were washed, chopped into small pieces with a razor blade, and then mechanically homogenized with a 'homogeniser' (Measuring and Scientific Equipment,...

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Low Root Temperature Effects on Soybean Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of environmental conditions on the fixation and transfer of nitrogen from alfalfa to associated timothy

Effects of environmental conditions on the fixation and transfer of nitrogen from alfalfa to associated timothy

Effects of root-zone temperature and N, P, and K supplies on nutrient uptake of cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) seedlings in hydroponics

Beta-Amylases from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots

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