Low prevalence of human enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Flanders

Rouffaer, Lieze; Baert, Kristof; Abeele, Anne‐Marie Van den; Cox, Ivo; Vanantwerpen, Gerty; Zutter, Lieven De; Strubbe, Diederik; Vranckx, Katleen; Lens, Luc; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Delmée, Michel; Pasmans, Frank; Martel, An

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175648

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In Italy, Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1 was the most common type identified in wild boar, hare and deer (24). The same type has also newly been identified in brown rats in Belgium (33). Y. pseudotuberculosis O:2, which has more frequently been identified in animals than in humans, was recently reported in Finnish shrews (3,29).…”

Section: Identification Of Yersinia Sppmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Identification of Yersinia at the Species and Subspecies Levels Is Challenging

Fredriksson-Ahomaa

Joutsen

Laukkanen‐Ninios

2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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The genus Yersinia currently includes species, of which Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are enteropathogenic. The identification of Y. enterocolitica in particular is very demanding, because it consists of a group of very heterogeneous bacteria, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. The aim of the review is to provide recent information on the characteristics and identification of Yersinia spp. and sources of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. Identification of Yersinia spp. is still mainly based on biochemical tests and serotyping, but molecular methods have increasingly also been used. Sequencing the whole genome enables more accurate identification of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains of different bioserotypes have newly been identified from various animal sources. Moreover, the virulence gene ail has been detected in non-pathogenic Yersinia strains, especially from wild animals. Correct identification of pathogenic Yersinia strains is essential in assessing the health risk for humans and animals.

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Section: Identification Of Yersinia Sppmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains have more rarely been identified in wild animals except for wild boars. However, highly pathogenic bioserotype 1B/O:8 has recently been identified in wild rodents in Japan (78) and weakly pathogenic bioserotypes 2/O:5,27 and 3/O:1,2,3 in brown rats in Belgium (33). Non-pathogenic Y.…”

Section: Identification Of Yersinia Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Yersinia at the Species and Subspecies Levels Is Challenging

Fredriksson-Ahomaa

Joutsen

Laukkanen‐Ninios

2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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“…Pre-baiting is often used in rodent studies (Gurnell 1980;Himsworth et al 2014a;Krojgaard et al 2009;Taylor et al 1974). However, several recently published researches did not employ it (Desvars-Larrive et al 2017; Kajdacsi et al 2013;Panti-May et al 2016Rouffaer et al 2017). Trap success (and/or the assumed neophobic behavior) may also reflect the general availability of food in the vicinity of the traps and low success rate is expected when abundant food is available in or close to the experimental unit (Clapperton 2006).…”

Section: Baitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in urban ecosystems: are the constraints related to fieldwork a limit to their study?

et al. 2018

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Nowadays, the majority of human beings live in urban ecosystems, with this proportion expected to continue increasing in the future. With the growing importance of urban rat-associated issues (e.g. damages to urban infrastructures, costs of rat-control programs, rat-associated health risks), it is becoming indispensable to fill the identified gaps in knowledge on the urban brown rat regarding, among others, its density, home range, genetic structure, and infectious status. In this context, live-trapping is a crucial prerequisite to any scientific investigation. This paper assesses the main constraints and challenges regarding the urban field and describes the major steps to be considered when planning research on urban rats. The primary challenges are i) the characterization of the urban experimental unit; ii) the choice of a trapping design: the use of live-trapping in capture-mark-recapture design, in association with modern statistics, is highly recommended to answer ecological questions (although these methods, mostly developed in natural ecosystems, need to be implemented for the urban field); iii) the potential ethical considerations with regard to animal welfare and field-worker safety; iv) the building of mutually-beneficial collaborations with city stakeholders, pest control professionals, and citizens. Emphasis must be put on communication to the public and education of field-workers. One major need of modern urban rat research is a peer-validated field methodology allowing reproducibility, repeatability, and inference from urban field studies and enabling researchers to answer long-standing key questions about urban rat ecology.

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“…Improvement of the protocol for the cultural detection of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Although cold enrichment in conjunction with alkaline treatment (20 s in 0.25% or 0.5% potassium hydroxide [KOH] solution) has been used in several prevalence studies on Y. pseudotuberculosis (11,(25)(26)(27), some authors reported an increased susceptibility of this species to KOH (28)(29)(30). We analyzed the KOH susceptibility of seven strains belonging to five serotypes (O:1a, O:1b, O:3, O:4, and O:5), some of which are the most common serotypes in Europe (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Prevalence and Diversity in Wild Boars in Northeast Germany

Reinhardt

Hammerl

Kunz

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In this study, the prevalence of in wild boars in northeast Germany was determined. For that purpose, the tonsils of 503 wild boars were sampled. The presence of was studied by diagnostic PCR. Positive samples were analyzed by cultural detection using a modified cold enrichment protocol. Ten isolates were obtained, which were characterized by biotyping, molecular serotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In addition, whole-genome sequences and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were analyzed. was isolated from male and female animals, most of which were younger than 1 year. A prevalence of 2% (10/503) was determined by cultural detection, while 6.4% (32/503) of the animals were positive by PCR. The isolates belonged to the biotypes 1 and 2 and serotypes O:1a ( = 7), O:1b ( = 2), and O:4a ( = 1). MLST analysis revealed three sequence types, ST9, ST23, and ST42. Except one isolate, all isolates revealed a strong resistance to colistin. The relationship of the isolates was studied by whole-genome sequencing demonstrating that they belonged to four clades, exhibiting five different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) restriction patterns and a diverse composition of virulence genes. Six isolates harbored the virulence plasmid pYV. Besides two isolates, all isolates contained and genes and a complete or incomplete high-pathogenicity island (HPI). None of them possessed a gene for the superantigen YPM. The study shows that various strains exist in wild boars in northeast Germany, which may pose a risk to humans. is a foodborne pathogen whose occurrence is poorly understood. One reason for this situation is the difficulty in isolating the species. The methods developed for the isolation of are not well suited for We therefore designed a protocol which enabled the isolation of from a relatively high proportion of PCR-positive wild boar tonsils. The study indicates that wild boars in northeast Germany may carry a variety of strains, which differ in terms of their pathogenic potential and other properties. Since wild boars are widely distributed in German forests and even populate cities such as Berlin, they may transmit yersiniae to other animals and crop plants and may thus cause human infections through the consumption of contaminated food. Therefore, the prevalence of should be determined also in other animals and regions to learn more about the natural reservoir of this species.

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Low prevalence of human enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Flanders

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Identification of Yersinia at the Species and Subspecies Levels Is Challenging

Identification of Yersinia at the Species and Subspecies Levels Is Challenging

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in urban ecosystems: are the constraints related to fieldwork a limit to their study?

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Prevalence and Diversity in Wild Boars in Northeast Germany

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