Low Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening Among HIV-Positive Women in Catalonia (Spain)

Stuardo, Valeria; Agustí, Cristina; Casabona, Jordi

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.s3-004

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar to the present study, the prevalence of LSIL ranged from 6.4 to 13% in studies by other authors [3, 15, 16, 20]. One case of LSIL was noted in the HIV-negative control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In a study by Ghebre et al [19], the majority of the cases had ASCUS, whereas in the present study the majority of the abnormalities were HSIL. Three cases of ASC-H (16.66%) and 1 (5.55%) case of ASCUS was found in the present study, which was similar to other studies where authors reported ASCUS findings in the range of 0.7–7.9% [3, 16, 20]. In contrast to the present study, 17 cases (22%) were reported as ASCUS in a study by Paramsothy et al [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

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A Study of Pap Smears in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women from a Tertiary Care Center in South India

et al. 2019

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Objectives: The aim of this work was to study the spectrum of epithelial abnormalities on Pap smears of HIV-positive women categorized as per the Bethesda System of Reporting Cervical Cytology, to correlate them with CD4 lymphocyte counts, and to compare them with the spectrum of abnormalities seen in a HIV-negative control group. Study Design and Methodology: The present study was a 6-year retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, which included 150 Pap smears from HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, respectively. The Pap-stained slides of the cases were retrieved and studied. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed. A statistical study was performed using SPSS software. The χ² test was used to analyze the data and a p value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Pap smear abnormalities were twice as high in HIV-infected women (12%) as compared with HIV-negative women (6%; p = 0.006, RR = 2). Negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy was the most common finding (88%), which was further subdivided into inflammatory, atrophic smear, non-specific, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginitis groups. The percentage of epithelial abnormalities was 12%, including: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 5.55%; atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL, 16.66%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 5.55%; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 61.11%, and squamous cell carcinoma, 11.11%. The highest incidence of intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive females was in the age group of 34–49 years. CD4 cell counts fell in the range of 200–500 cells/mm³ in most of the HIV-positive patients (68.75%), but was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Routine Pap smear examination is advocated in women with HIV as the prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities was found to be 12%, which was twice as high as compared to the HIV-negative control group. Although there was no correlation of epithelial cell abnormalities with CD4 counts, a higher rate of the cases with epithelial abnormalities were observed to have CD4 cell counts of 200–500 cells/mm³.

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“…Similar to the present study, the prevalence of LSIL ranged from 6.4 to 13% in studies by other authors [3, 15, 16, 20]. One case of LSIL was noted in the HIV-negative control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

A Study of Pap Smears in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women from a Tertiary Care Center in South India

et al. 2019

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“…However, this finding is lower than the study findings in Canada [24] 58%, England [25] 85.7%, Catalonia [26] 50.6%, and Kenya [27] 46%. The possible reason for this variation could be due to differences in socio-demographic and economic status of the study respondents as well as the countries’ promotional policy variations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among HIV positive women attending adult ART clinic in public health facilities, Hawassa town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Assefa¹,

Astawesegn²,

Eshetu³

2019

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundIn Ethiopia, cervical cancer is a public health concern, as it is the second most cause of cancer deaths among reproductive age women and it affects the country’s most vulnerable groups like; rural, poor, and HIV-positive women. Despite the strong evidence that cervical cancer screening results in decreased mortality from this disease, its utilization remains low.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2 to April 1/2019 to assess the level and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening among HIV positive women in Hawassa town. Quantitative data collection methods were used. Data were gathered using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Epi-Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Statistically significant association of variables was determined based on Adjusted Odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and p-value of ≤0.05.ResultsOf the 342 women interviewed, 40.1% (95% CI: 35.00, 45.33%) of them were screened. Having a post primary education (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8, 14.5), less than 500 cell/mm3 CD4 count (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.9); duration since HIV diagnosis (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.1, 8.5), partner support (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.4), having knowledge about risk factors (AOR = 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 6.9) and having favorable attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening (AOR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.8, 7.5) were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization.ConclusionsThe study revealed utilization of cervical cancer screening service was low among HIV positive women. Educational status, duration of HIV diagnosis, partner support, knowledge status about risk factor, CD4 count and attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Health care workers need to provide intensive counseling services for all ART care attendants to increase utilization.

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“…Accordingly, the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening was 13.46% (95%CI: 11.06, 15.86). The result is lower than the study findings in Canada 58% [46], England 85.7% [47], Catalonia 50.6% [48], and Kenya 46% [49]. The possible reason for this variation could be due to differences in sociodemographic and economic status of the study respondents as well as the countries' health policy variations like institutional framework to promote screening, which could have largely succeeded in implementing successful programs regarding cervical cancer screening.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Uptake of cervical cancer screening service and associated factors among age-eligible women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Ayenew

Zewdu

Nigussie

2020

Infect Agents Cancer

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Background Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developing countries. Since cervical cancer is a preventable disease, screening is an important control and prevention strategy, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for all women aged 30 years and older, and even earlier for some high-risk women. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the uptake of cervical cancer screening among age-eligible women in Ethiopia. Method Review identification was performed through the search of online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, EMBASE, Science Direct, Cochrane library, African Journals, and other gray and online repository accessed studies were searched using different search engines. For critical appraisal of studies, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used. The analysis was conducted by using STATA 11 software. To test the heterogeneity of studies, the Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used. To detect publication bias of the studies, the funnel plot and Egger’s test were used. The pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval were presented using forest plots. Result Twenty-four studies with a total of 14,582 age-eligible women were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled national level of cervical cancer screening among age-eligible women in Ethiopia was 13.46% (95%CI:11.06,15.86). Knowledge on cervical cancer and screening (OR = 4.01,95%CI:2.76,5.92), history of multiple sexual partners (OR = 5.01, 95%CI:2.61,9.61), women’s age (OR = 4.58, 95%CI:2.81,7.46), history of sexually transmitted disease (OR = 4.83,95%CI:3.02,7.73), Perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer (OR = 3.59, 95%CI:1.99,6.48), getting advice from health care providers (OR = 4.58, 95%CI:3.26, 6.43), women’s educational level (OR = 6.68,95%CI:4.61,9.68), women’s attitude towards cervical cancer and screening (OR = 3.42, 95%CI:2.88,4.06) were the determinant factors of cervical cancer screening uptake among age-eligible women in Ethiopia. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening was remarkably low among age-eligible women in Ethiopia. Thus, to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening among age-eligible women regularly, it is better to create awareness programs for early detection and treatment of cervical cancer, and educational interventions that teach the step-by-step practice of cervical screening to increase women’s attitude for screening. Additionally, it is better to inform every woman is susceptible to cervical cancer, especially after starting sexual intercourse, and screening remains fundamental in the fight against cervical cancer before becoming invasive. Moreover, counseling and improving the confidence of women by health care providers to undergo screening is recommended.

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Low Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening Among HIV-Positive Women in Catalonia (Spain)

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

A Study of Pap Smears in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women from a Tertiary Care Center in South India

A Study of Pap Smears in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women from a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among HIV positive women attending adult ART clinic in public health facilities, Hawassa town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Uptake of cervical cancer screening service and associated factors among age-eligible women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

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