Low pre-death growth rates of oak (Quercus robur L.)—Is oak death a long-term process induced by dry years?

Andersson, Marie; Milberg, Per; Bergman, Karl‐Olof

doi:10.1007/s13595-011-0017-y

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Such growth patterns are within the temporal range of years showing a growth reduction prior to tree death (5-25 years) observed in other temperate Quercus species [77]. Oak dieback and death can be a long-lasting process and tree mortality has been shown to lag behind the timing of the growth-decline onset [17,75,78]. For instance, it has been observed that the pre-mortem growth reduction of dead oaks occurred about ten years before most trees died [76].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Tree growth in floodplain forests also decreases when the underground water level is reduced through water pumping [13] or due to rising groundwater table and waterlogging [14,15]. These growth responses have been extensively studied in native species such as the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.; hereafter oak) [12,16,17], but retrospective information regarding the responses of introduced species to drought is scarce in their invaded areas. It could be argued that native species will be less vulnerable to drought-induced growth decline and mortality than introduced tree species which may not have developed tolerance strategies to local conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drought Decreases Growth and Increases Mortality of Coexisting Native and Introduced Tree Species in a Temperate Floodplain Forest

Colangelo

Camarero

Ripullone

et al. 2018

Forests

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Forest dieback and mortality events induced by drought stress are widely reported. However, few studies have jointly examined the role played by drought on growth and mortality in tree species inhabiting floodplain forests. Here, we focused on mortality events occurring since the early 2000s on large areas in a floodplain forest located within the Ticino regional park in Northwest Italy, where affected native (pedunculate oak, Quercus robur L.) and introduced tree species (black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L.) coexist. We related growth with climate data and drought severity to discern if these species were similarly affected by drought. Then, we: (i) evaluated the presence of pathogens of the genus Phytophthora in recently dead oak trees since this was the most affected species and pathogens are often associated with oak decline cases; and (ii) compared xylem vessel diameter and tree-ring C isotope discrimination (δ 13 C) to highlight differences in water-use strategies between living and dead trees in both species. The radial growth of living and dead trees started diverging in the 1970s, although only after warm-drought periods occurred during 1990s did this divergence become significant. Growth of trees that died responded more negatively to drought than in the case of living trees. Moreover, trees that died formed smaller xylem vessels in the past than living trees and also showed more negative δ 13 C values in both tree species, indicating a higher intrinsic water-use efficiency in living than in dead trees. The pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands was only detected in one recently dead tree, suggesting that it is unlikely that dead oaks were predisposed to drought damage by the pathogen. We conclude that a climate shift from wet to warm-dry summer conditions in the early 1990s triggered forest dieback and induced mortality in both tree species. Temperate floodplain forests are susceptible to drought-induced dieback. The drought-sensitivity of both species could lead to successional shifts driven by a reduction of N inputs through N-fixing by black locust and the replacement of oak by drought-tolerant species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Decreases Growth and Increases Mortality of Coexisting Native and Introduced Tree Species in a Temperate Floodplain Forest

Colangelo

Camarero

Ripullone

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…The geographically closest study to Finland derives from southern Sweden, where Drobyshev et al (2007b) have suggested that the peak in oak mortality around the year 2000 was triggered by the spring and summer drought that occurred already in 1992. Another study from south-eastern Sweden has shown pronounced peaks in oak mortality in 2004 and 2006 with reduced growth after a severe drought in 1992, too (Andersson et al, 2011). June and July 1992 were exceptionally dry in Helsinki as well, in addition to several other summers from the 1990s like : 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997 and 1999 (Fig.…”

Section: Summer Precipitation Signalmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The causes cannot be associated with these years rigorously because dieback can be a decade-long process and death might be lagging behind the timing of the decline-inducing factors (Cherubini et al, 2002;Drobyshev et al, 2007b;Andersson et al, 2011). The pre-mortem growth reduction of the declining and dead trees was illustrated to have occurred already from the mid-1990s (Fig.…”

Section: Specifics Of Oak Decline In Tammistomentioning

confidence: 99%

Oak decline in a southern Finnish forest as affected by a drought sequence

Sohar

Helama²,

Läänelaid

et al. 2013

Geochronometria

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Abstract:We investigated the decline of a pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) forest growing on shallow soil at the northern distributional limit of the species in southern Finland, using the dendroclimatic approach. About 200-year-old trees in three vigour classes -healthy, declining and deadwere sampled in 2008. Annual tree-ring, earlywood and latewood widths were measured and chronologies were established. The tree-ring data were correlated with monthly and seasonal climate data. Radial increment of oaks was positively related to the June and July precipitations. This was expressed especially in total ring width and latewood width, whereas the earlywood was more influenced by the warmer winter and spring. Furthermore, the correlation between the current year earlywood width and the preceding year latewood width was higher than between the earlywood and latewood of the same year. The analyses showed that the dead oaks and part of the declining oaks had ceased growing during 2005-2007 after a decade-long summer drought series. This indicates a time lag in the oak dieback. The radial growth of the declining and the dead oaks had dropped already since the 1990s, while the healthy oaks had better long-term growth and higher adaptive capacity to climate variation.

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“…However, it is unanimously accepted that there are two types (models) of decline -an acute one, with fast development, and a chronical one, with slow development in space and time (Denman, 2014). The combination of factors that causes disequilibrium varies on area, year, forest type, leading to a varied symptomatology, which is strongly influenced by the environment and numerous biological interactions (Marcu, 1986;Führer, 1998;Thomas, 2008;Andersson et al, 2011;Santini et al, 2013;Sohar et al, 2013;Dănescu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Quantification of the Decline Phenomenon and Determination of the Vulnerability Degree for the Oak Stands in Northwestern Transylvania, Romania

Șimonca¹,

Oroian

Chira

et al. 2017

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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The decline phenomenon of stands can be defined as the totality of effects that damage the normal vegetation state of trees and stands. There are two types of decline, the acute one, with fast development, and the chronical one, with slow development in space and time. The accurate capture of the phenomenon has direct implications for the forest management measures. A first step in this direction is the analysis of the development type and of its dynamics. Forests which have Quercus species in composition are affected more by this phenomenon. There were identified oak stands presenting decline phenomenon in 9 Forest Districts in Northwestern Transylvania and 22 experimental plots were analyzed. These plots were located in middle aged stands that were affected in different ways. The study was performed during 2013-2015 and focused on crown level assessments of trees, taking into consideration the shape and size, defoliations, percentage of dead or missing slender branches, number of dead thick branches, presence of epicormic branches or dormant buds on the stem, presence of pathogens or pests. These elements were used for calculating some technical indicators of the health and vegetation state: degree of dieback, damage and devitalization, synthetic index damage, annual mortality rate. In 7 out of 22 stands, the overcoming of the incipient stage and beginning of active dieback stage was observed. The strongest correlation occurred between the annual mortality rate and the synthetic index damage.

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Low pre-death growth rates of oak (Quercus robur L.)—Is oak death a long-term process induced by dry years?

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Drought Decreases Growth and Increases Mortality of Coexisting Native and Introduced Tree Species in a Temperate Floodplain Forest

Drought Decreases Growth and Increases Mortality of Coexisting Native and Introduced Tree Species in a Temperate Floodplain Forest

Oak decline in a southern Finnish forest as affected by a drought sequence

Methods for Quantification of the Decline Phenomenon and Determination of the Vulnerability Degree for the Oak Stands in Northwestern Transylvania, Romania

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