Low photon count based digital holography for quadratic phase cryptography

Muniraj, Inbarasan; Guo, Changliang; Malallah, Ra’ed; Ryle, James P.; Healy, John J.; Lee, Byung-Geun; Sheridan, John T.

doi:10.1364/ol.42.002774

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To note, the RPMs apply the random phases 𝑒𝑥𝑝{𝑗2𝜋𝑛 1 (𝑥, 𝑦)} and 𝑒𝑥𝑝{𝑗2𝜋𝑛 2 (𝑥, 𝑦)} which are statistically independent but uniformly distributed in [0, 1]. Mathematically, the encrypted (output) image 𝐸(𝜔, 𝜑) can be expressed as follows [14]:…”

Section: Linear Canonical Transform Based Double Random Phase Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since it's initial inception, DRPE i.e., Fourier transform based encryption, several other variations have also been examined that includes Fresnel transform (FST) [8], Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) [9], Hartley Transform (HT) [10], and Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) [11]. In addition to these, some new types of encryption systems have also been demonstrated such as compressive sensingbased encryption [12], 4D light field based microscopic encryption [13], and photons-counting imaging based optical encryption [14], to cite a few. In general, it is known that the robustness of a crypto system relies on the secret key that is being used and the randomness of ciphertext it generates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Augmenting data security: Physical Unclonable Functions for digital holography based quadratic phase cryptography

Vanitha

Manupati

Muniraj

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In (Appl. Opt. 55, 4720-4728 (2016)) authors demonstrated the vulnerability of Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) based optical encryption system. One of the primary reasons for this is the predictable nature of the security keys (i.e., simulated random keys) used in the encryption process. To alleviate, in this work, we are presenting a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) for producing a robust encryption key for the digital implementations of any optical encoding systems. We note, a correlation function of the scattered perfect optical vortex (POV) beam is utilized to generate the encryption keys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on properly utilizing a scattered POV for the optical encryption systems. To validate the generated secret keys, the standard Linear Canonical Transform based Double Random Phase Encoding (LCT-DRPE) technique is used. Experimental and simulation result validates the proposed key generation method as an effective alternative to the digital encryption keys.

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Section: Linear Canonical Transform Based Double Random Phase Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmenting data security: Physical Unclonable Functions for digital holography based quadratic phase cryptography

Vanitha

Manupati

Muniraj

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Thus, by employing inverse keys i.e., O * 1 (−x, −y) and O * 2 (−x, −y) and input image f(x,y) can be retrieved without a loss. To record a complex encrypted data an optical holographic imaging setup is preferred [14,4].…”

Section: Double Random Phase Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first inception of the classical DRPE i.e., Fourier transform based encryption, several variations have also been proposed that includes Fresnel transform (FST) [8], Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) [9], Hartley Transform (HT) [10], and Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) [11]. In addition to this, some new types of encryption systems such as compressive sensing based encryption [12], 4D light field based microscopic encryption [13], and photons-counting imaging based optical encryption [14] have also been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Unclonable Functions using speckle patterns of perfect optical vortices

Vanitha¹,

Manupati²,

Muniraj³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Encryption techniques demonstrate a great deal of security when implemented in an optical system (such as holography) due to the inherent physical properties of light and the precision it demands. However, such systems have shown to be vulnerable during digital implementations under various crypt-analysis attacks. One of the primary reasons for this is the predictable nature of the security keys (i.e., simulated random keys) used in the encryption process. To alleviate, in this work, we are presenting a Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) for producing a robust security key for digital encryption systems. To note, a correlation function of the scattered perfect optical vortex (POV) beams is utilized to generate the encryption keys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on properly utilizing the scattered POV in optical encryption system. To validate the generated key, one of the standard optical encryption systems i.e., Double Random Phase Encoding, is opted. Experimental and simulation results validate that the proposed key generation method is an effective alternative to the digital keys.

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“…Meanwhile, various optical transforms such as fractional Fourier transform, Fresnel transform, gyrator transform, and other means have been applied, where additional parameters can be considered the secret keys to enhance the level of security [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Due to its novel physical characteristics such as the complexity of its optical parameters, the ghost imaging technique can provide a promising alternative for the optical cryptosystem [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical image encryption via high-quality computational ghost imaging using iterative phase retrieval

Sui

Cheng

et al. 2018

Laser Phys. Lett.

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A novel computational ghost imaging scheme based on specially designed phase-only masks, which can be efficiently applied to encrypt an original image into a series of measured intensities, is proposed in this paper. First, a Hadamard matrix with a certain order is generated, where the number of elements in each row is equal to the size of the original image to be encrypted. Each row of the matrix is rearranged into the corresponding 2D pattern. Then, each pattern is encoded into the phase-only masks by making use of an iterative phase retrieval algorithm. These specially designed masks can be wholly or partially used in the process of computational ghost imaging to reconstruct the original information with high quality. When a significantly small number of phase-only masks are used to record the measured intensities in a single-pixel bucket detector, the information can be authenticated without clear visualization by calculating the nonlinear correlation map between the original image and its reconstruction. The results illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed computational ghost imaging mechanism, which will provide an effective alternative for enriching the related research on the computational ghost imaging technique.

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Low photon count based digital holography for quadratic phase cryptography

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Augmenting data security: Physical Unclonable Functions for digital holography based quadratic phase cryptography

Augmenting data security: Physical Unclonable Functions for digital holography based quadratic phase cryptography

Physical Unclonable Functions using speckle patterns of perfect optical vortices

Optical image encryption via high-quality computational ghost imaging using iterative phase retrieval

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