Low nutrient intake among adult women and patients with severe tuberculosis disease in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundInformation regarding dietary nutrient intake during tuberculosis disease is lacking. We established the relationship between disease severity or wasting during pulmonary tuberculosis and nutrient intake.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study of 131 adults with or without pulmonary tuberculosis were screened for human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), wasting, disease severity using 13 item validated clinical TBscore, and 24-hour dietary intake recall.ResultsOf the 131 participants, 61 were males and 70 females. Overall men and women had similar age. In average 24-hour nutrient intake, the following nutrients: energy, protein, total fat, carbohydrate, calcium, vitamin A, and folate were low among patients with severe tuberculosis disease. Patients with moderate-to-severe clinical TBscore had lower average energy intake than patients with mild TBscores (6.11 vs. 9.27 MJ, respectively) (p<0.05). The average 24-hour nutrient intakes between wasted and non-wasted tuberculosis patients were comparable. Nutrient intake among men was higher when compared to women regardless of wasting and severity of tuberculosis. Among those with wasting, men had higher average energy intake than women (8.87 vs. 5.81 MJ, respectively) (p<0.05). Among patients with mild disease, men had higher average energy intake than women with mild disease (12.83 vs. 7.49 kcal, respectively) (p<0.001).ConclusionsFindings suggest that severity of pulmonary tuberculosis and female gender had reduced nutrient intake. Early tuberculosis diagnosis and nutritional support may be important in management of tuberculosis patients.

Nutritional status evaluation and nutrient intake in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their contacts

“…It is difficult to determine whether the presence of TB is due to poor nutritional status and, therefore, impaired immune status or, if this condition is the result of disease. A significant loss of body weight in TB patients has been described in the process of disease progression and treatment and, as a consequence, patients have a lower BMI [21][22][23]. Malnutrition in patients with TB may be caused by anorexia nervosa and/or hyporexia, because these disorders are characterized by the restriction of food intake resulting in the loss of body weight [24].…”

Macronutrient intake and body composition changes during anti-tuberculosis therapy in adults

“…Additional studies on serial body composition and concomitant nutrient intake studies to guide nutritional intervention strategies in TB disease in general and also in MDR-TB are needed. (5, 13) Such studies will be of particular interest in centers where early diagnosis and thus earlier second-line drug intervention in MDR-TB is now possible. (27)…”

“…The relationship between malnutrition and infection, especially in TB, is well established. (1-5) Evidence suggests that malnutrition, particularly low body mass index (BMI), can lead to secondary immune dysfunction that increases the host’s susceptibility to infections. (1, 3, 5, 6) Body weight changes during treatment have been explored as a simple biomarker for both disease severity and treatment outcomes.…”

“…(1-5) Evidence suggests that malnutrition, particularly low body mass index (BMI), can lead to secondary immune dysfunction that increases the host’s susceptibility to infections. (1, 3, 5, 6) Body weight changes during treatment have been explored as a simple biomarker for both disease severity and treatment outcomes. (4, 7) Further, it has been shown that TB patients with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m 2 ) are at increased risk for TB-related mortality and treatment failure.…”

Gambaran Status Nutrisi pada Pasien Tuberkulosis di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Hasan Sadikin Bandung

“…6 7 Suatu penelitian di Uganda menemukan bahwa terjadi penurunan sejumlah nutrisi, terdiri dari makronutrisi dan mikronutrisi, seperti karbohidrat, energi, protein, lemak total, kalsium, vitamin A, dan folat pada pasien TB. 7 Gizi kurang merupakan faktor risiko penting terhadap TB, karena Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) Kelas 10-12: 7 (54) PNS: 1 (8) Tinggi: 1 (8) Lain-lain: 0 (0) Obese Class II (≥30 kg/m2) 0 (0) Tidak bekerja: 0 (0) Anak usia dini: 0 (0) Buruh: 0 (0) Kelas 1-6: 0 (0) Petani: 0 (0) Kelas 7-9: 0 (0) Swasta: 0 (0) Kelas 10-12: 0 (0) PNS: 0 (0) Tinggi: 0 (0) Lain-lain: 0 (0) Keterangan: IMT: Indeks Massa Tubuh merupakan kunci utama dalam melawan TB. 8 Populasi dengan nutrisi buruk memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap TB.…”