Background and aims Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread rapidly. Growing evidences that overweight and obesity which extent nearly a third of the world population were associated with severe COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the association and risk of increased BMI and obesity with composite poor outcome in COVID-19 adult patients. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search from PubMed and Embase database. We included all original research articles in COVID-19 adult patients and obesity based on classification of Body Mass Index (BMI) and composite poor outcome which consist of ICU admission, ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, and mortality. Results Sixteen studies were included in meta-analysis with 9 studies presented BMI as continuous outcome and 10 studies presented BMI as dichotomous outcome (cut-off ≥30 kg/m 2 ). COVID-19 patients with composite poor outcome had higher BMI with mean difference 1.12 (95% CI, 0.67–1.57, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, obesity was associated with composite poor outcome with odds ratio (OR) = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.25–2.54, P < 0.001) Multivariate meta-regression showed the association between BMI and obesity on composite poor outcome were affected by age, gender, DM type 2, and hypertension. Conclusion Obesity is a risk factor of composite poor outcome of COVID-19. On the other hand, COVID-19 patients with composite poor outcome have higher BMI. BMI is an important routine procedure that should always be assessed in the management of COVID-19 patients and special attention should be given to patients with obesity.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and composite poor outcome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search from PubMed and Embase database. We included all original research articles in COVID-19 adult patients and obesity based on classification of Body Mass Index (BMI) and composite poor outcome which consist of mortality, morbidity, admission of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and severe COVID-19. Results: Nine studies were included in meta-analysis with 6 studies presented BMI as continuous outcome and 3 studies presented BMI as dichotomous outcome (obese and non-obese). Most studies were conducted in China (55.5%) with remaining studies from French, Germany, and United States (US). COVID-19 patients with composite poor outcome had higher BMI with mean difference 0.55 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.07-1.03, P=0.02). BMI ≥30 (obese) was associated with composite poor outcome with odds ratio 1.89 (95% CI 1.06-3.34, P=0.03). Multivariate meta-regression analysis by including three moderators: age, hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) showed the association between obesity and composite poor outcome was affected by age with regression coefficient =-0.06 and P=0.02. Subgroup analysis was not performed due to the limited number of studies for several outcomes. Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor of composite poor outcome of COVID-19. On the other hand, COVID-19 patients with composite poor outcome have higher BMI. BMI is an important routine procedure that should be assessed in the management of COVID-19 patients and special attention should be given to patients with obesity. Keywords: Covid-19, Obesity, Body Mass Index

Background and aims Multi drug or rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is a major burden to TB prevention and eradication globally. Since 2016, WHO guidelines have included options for treating MDR/RR-TB with a standard regimen of 9 to 11 months duration (the ’shorter regimen’) rather than an individual regimen of at least 20 months. This regimen has been introduced in Indonesia since September 2017. Therefore, we aimed to determine the success rate and factors associated with the treatment outcome of shorter injectable based regimen in West Java province, Indonesia. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of MDR/RR-TB patients aged over 18 years old who received the shorter injectable based regimen between September 2017 and December 2020. We defined successful outcomes as the combined proportion of patients who were cured or had complete treatment. While, unsuccessful outcomes were defined as the combined proportion of patients who died from any causes, failure, and loss to follow-up (LTFU). Results A total of 315 patients were included in this study. The success rate was 64.5%. Multivariate analysis showed male gender (aRR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34) increased the chance of successful outcome, while malnutrition (aRR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.89), history of previous TB treatment (aRR = 0.80%CI 0.68 to 0.94), and time of culture conversion >2 months (aRR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.87) decreased the chance of successful outcome. Conclusion History of previous TB treatment, time of culture conversion >2 months, and malnutrition were independent factors that decrease the chance for success rate, while male gender increase the likelihood for success rate of patients treated by the shorter injectable based regimen.

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Summary Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a global pandemic since March 2020. Undergraduate medical students were encouraged to educate Indonesian society about COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Indonesian students on COVID-19 prevention. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted online between August 22 and September 2, 2020, with a minimum sample size of 1,068 subjects. The questionnaire was sent to 86 Faculty of Medicine (FoM) in Indonesia. The questionnaire consisted of knowledge, attitude, and practice section, with the scores above median were considered as sufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and positive practice. Association between knowledge, attitude, and practice, which were dependent variables, with gender, year of study, location of FoM, and source of information, which were independent variables, were tested using Chi-Square Test. Correlation among knowledge, attitude, and practice scores was tested using Spearman Rank Test. Results Among 1,390 participated students, 51.4, 55.7, and 56.3% had sufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and, positive practice, respectively. There were associations between knowledge and gender (p = 0.005), year of study (p = 0.000), location of FoM (p=0.000), and source of information (p = 0.000); between attitude and gender (p = 0.022), year of study (p = 0.004), and source of information (p = 0.015); and between practice and gender (p = 0.000) and source of information (p = 0.000). There were weak correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.246, p<0.001); and between attitude and practice (r = 0.272, p < 0.001). Conclusions Half of Indonesian medical students showed sufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and positive practice on COVID-19 prevention. Hence, improvement towards COVID-19 prevention is required.

Proporsi gizi kurang pada pasien tuberkulosis (TB) dewasa masih tinggi di negara-negara berkembang. Hal ini akan menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan yang lebih serius, jika tidak teridentifikasi dengan segera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status nutrisi berdasarkan karakteristik pasien TB dewasa rawat jalan di Klinik Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin (RSHS). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang. Data diambil dari 107 rekam medis online (Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit: Admission dan Klinik Rawat Jalan) dan Kartu Pengobatan Pasien TB (Formulir TB.01) pada pasien TB dewasa rawat jalan dalam periode Juni 2015 hingga Oktober 2016. Informasi mencakup identitas pasien (nama, nomor rekam medis, umur, pekerjaan, pendidikan, dan sistem pembayaran), diagnosis, serta berat dan tinggi badan yang diukur saat didiagnosa mengalami TB.Proporsi gizi kurang adalah tiga puluh lima persen (35 %). Enam puluh dua persen (62 %) pasien tidak bekerja dan sembilan puluh persen (90 %) pasien terdaftar sebagai pasien asuransi kesehatan. Enam puluh lima persen (65 %) pasien mengalami gizi kurang dan tidak bekerja. Proporsi gizi kurang masih cukup tinggi (35 %) pada pasien-pasien yang mengalami TB. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan landasan penatalaksanaan yang lebih efektif dan meningkatkan angka kesembuhan pada pasien TB dewasa. Kata Kunci: Gizi kurang, pasien rawat jalan, tuberkulosis