Low molecular weight cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in cosmetic products sold in Canada: Implication for dermal exposure

Wang, Rong; Moody, Richard P.; Koniecki, Diane; Zhu, Jiping

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2009.03.009

Cited by 180 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…De igual forma, también se conoce que la contaminación de fondo puede deberse a los VMS emitidos por el técnico que realiza el análisis, ya que los productos de higiene personal que se utilizan habitualmente contienen elevadas concentraciones de VMS, especialmente de D4, D5 y D6. 31,45,46 Para evitar este tipo de contaminación, los protocolos de análisis de VMS indican que los técnicos y analistas no deben utilizar productos de higiene personal durante el muestreo y análisis. 12, 39,41 Por último, hay que mencionar que en el control de la contaminación de fondo también debe prestar una atención especial a la etapa de toma de muestra, ya que éstas se pueden contaminar por la deposición atmosférica de VMS en el sitio de muestreo.…”

Section: Figura 2 Contaminación De Fondo Detectada En El Análisis Deunclassified

Problemas en el análisis de metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS): origen y soluciones

Companioni-Damas¹

2016

Quim. Nova

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PROBLEMS IN THE ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE METILSILOXANES (VMS): ORIGIN AND SOLUTIONS. Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) are pollutants widely distributed in the environment due to its extensive uses and high volatility. The analysis of these compounds is commounly performed by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it is dificult due to the presence of background contamination and volatile losses. Different preconcentration techniques such as purge and trap (P&T), headspace (HS) and headspace -solid phase microextraccion (HS-SPME) have been applied for the analysis of VMS in environmental samples. Alternatively, solvent extraction combined with large volume injection techniques has been an effective method for the analysis of complex matrices (eg. wastewater, sludges). In this review, the efficiency of the different methods reported for the analysis of VMS is discussed, and different solutions are proposed to minimize background contamination and volatilization.Keywords: volatile methylsiloxanes; GC-MS, background contamination; large volume injection. INTRODUCCIÓNLos siloxanos son compuestos constituidos por átomos de silicio y oxígeno enlazados entre sí de forma alternada, donde cada átomo de silicio se encuentra a su vez unido a uno o diferentes grupos orgánicos. Dentro de esta familia de compuestos los metilsiloxanos de cadena corta conocidos como metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS), han recibido una especial atención en los últimos años debido a su elevada capacidad de bioacumulación, 1-7 potencial cancerogenicidad 8-10 y amplia distribución ambiental. 11-21 Estos compuestos se presentan en conformaciones lineales o cíclicas tal y como se ilustra en la Figura 1, y se caracterizan principalmente por presentar una elevada presión de vapor (2.3 -5620 Pa a 25 o C) y baja solubilidad en agua (0.07 -1560 µg L -1 a 25 o C). [22][23][24] Entre sus principales aplicaciones se encuentra su uso como constituyentes básicos en cosméticos y productos de higiene personal, como materiales de partida para la síntesis de polisiloxanos de elevado peso molecular, y su empleo como aditivos en productos de limpieza, desengrasantes, lubricantes, disolventes, pinturas, lacas y barnices.Como consecuencia de su amplia utilización los VMS se emiten en grandes cantidades al medio ambiente. La elevada volatilidad de estos compuestos condiciona que más del 90% de los VMS se emitan a la atmosfera, mientras que tan solo un 10 % se descarga en las aguas residuales tanto industriales como urbanas. 25 Se ha demostrado que su mayor emisión a la atmósfera se produce en zonas cercanas a plantas depuradoras de aguas residuales, aunque también constituyen importantes focos de emisión de VMS, aquellos relacionados al uso y la fabricación de productos de higiene personal, siendo considerados como una de sus principales vías de entrada al medio ambiente. [11][12][13]26 En cuanto a la toxicidad de los VMS, la mayor parte de los estudios publicados están enfocados a los VMS cíclicos, ya que este grupo de compuestos son los que se encuentran en mayore...

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Section: Figura 2 Contaminación De Fondo Detectada En El Análisis Deunclassified

Problemas en el análisis de metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS): origen y soluciones

Companioni-Damas¹

2016

Quim. Nova

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“…The pretreatment referred to methods for extracting siloxanes from personal care products (Horii and Kannan, 2008;Wang et al, 2009), with some modifications. 1 mL of the sample, spiked with 100 μL of M4Q solution (10 mg/L, internal standard), was vortexed for 5 min at 2500 rpm with 3 mL n-hexane, and then extracted by ultrasonic for 40 min.…”

Section: Additives/productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their low surface tension, high thermal stability and smooth texture, methyl siloxanes have been widely used for several decades in personal care products (PCPs) and industrial additives/ products, such as lubricants, polishes, paints, lacquers, and textile products (Horii and Kannan, 2008;Wang et al, 2009;SEHSC, 2011). The total annual production volumes of cyclic methyl siloxanes in USA and China, including octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), were approximately 470 and 800 million kg, respectively (CNKI, 2009;EPA, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl siloxanes in environmental matrices and human plasma/fat from both general industries and residential areas in China

Shi

Liu

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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• Siloxanes are detected in additives/products from general industries in China.• Their plasma concentrations in industrial workers were higher than reference group.• Siloxanes are more likely to distribute in human fat than plasma.• Linear but not cyclic compounds had an apparent accumulation in human fat.• Population's half-lives of L8-L10 in human fat were about 1.49-1.80 years. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o We investigated human exposure to methyl siloxanes in three general industries (building, automobile, and textile industries) and residential areas in China. Usage volumes of methyl siloxanes per capita in these industries were 2-5 orders of magnitudes higher than those in residential areas. Methyl siloxane concentrations in indoor air and dust samples from industrial facilities were 1-3 orders of magnitudes higher than those in residential houses. Both cyclic (D4-D6) and linear (L5-L16) siloxanes were detected in plasma of industrial workers (1.00-252 ng/mL, detection frequencies = 3.7-71%, n = 528), while only cyclic compounds (D4-D6) were detected in plasma of general population (n = 519) with much lower concentrations (1.10-7.50 ng/mL) and detection frequencies (1.7-3.7%). During the occupational exposure, anti-dust mask can reduce 30% of intake of cyclic siloxanes and 74% of intake of linear siloxanes, respectively. In addition, PM-10 could elevate intake of linear siloxanes. Calculated fat-plasma partition ratios of methyl siloxanes (D4-D6, L6-L11) in the present study were 5.3-241 mL/g. Linear rather than cyclic siloxanes had an apparent accumulation in abdominal fat. Population's half-lives of L8-L10 in abdominal fat of general population were approximately 1.49-1.80 years.

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“…1,2 These substances are added to PCPs as emollient or solvent. 3,4 Some PCPs are used with a high frequency (e.g., deodorant or day cream once a day).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Method for Quantification of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in End-Exhaled Air by Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Biesterbos¹,

Beckmann²,

Anzion³

et al. 2014

Anal. Chem.

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Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylpentasiloxane (D5) are used as ingredients for personal care products (PCPs). Because of the use of these PCPs, consumers are exposed daily to D4 and D5. A sensitive analytical method was developed for analysis of D4 and D5 in end-exhaled air by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), to determine the internal dose for consumer exposure assessment. Fifteen consumers provided end-exhaled air samples that were collected using Bio-VOC breath samplers and subsequently transferred to automatic thermal desorption (ATD) tubes. Prior to use, the ATD tubes were conditioned for a minimum of 4 h at 350°C. The TD unit and auto sampler were coupled to a GC-MS using electron ionization. Calibration was performed using 0−10 ng/μL solutions of D4/D5 and 13 C-labeled D4/D5 as internal standards. The ions monitored were m/z 281 for D4, 355 for D5, 285 for 13 C-labeled D4, and 360 for 13 C-labeled D5. The addition of internal standard reduced the coefficient of variation from 30.8% to 9.5% for D4 and from 37.8% to 12.5% for D5. The limit of quantification was 2.1 ng/L end-exhaled air for D4 and 1.4 ng/L end-exhaled air for D5. With this method, cyclic siloxanes (D4 and D5) can be quantified in end-exhaled air at concentrations as low as background levels observed in the general population.

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Low molecular weight cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in cosmetic products sold in Canada: Implication for dermal exposure

Cited by 180 publications

References 24 publications

Problemas en el análisis de metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS): origen y soluciones

Problemas en el análisis de metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS): origen y soluciones

Methyl siloxanes in environmental matrices and human plasma/fat from both general industries and residential areas in China

Sensitive Method for Quantification of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in End-Exhaled Air by Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

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