Low-macroscopic field emission properties of wide bandgap copper aluminium oxide nanoparticles for low-power panel applications

Abstract

Field emission properties of CuAlO(2) nanoparticles are reported for the first time, with a low turn-on field of approximately 2 V µm(-1) and field enhancement factor around 230. The field emission process follows the standard Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling of cold electron emission. The emission mechanism is found to be a combination of low electron affinity, internal nanostructure and large field enhancement at the low-dimensional emitter tips of the nanoparticles. The field emission properties are comparable to the conventional carbon-based field emitters, and thus can become alternative candidate for field emission devices for low-power panel applications.

Single mineral particle makes an electron point source

“…Electron field emission at room temperature at low applied macroscopic fields 1 (approximately a few V/lm) is reported by many authors. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] But, since the work function of a material in vacuum is always higher than 1.5 eV (Cs on W, for instance 13 ), field emission current density is negligible for local fields smaller than a fraction of V/nm. This means that the reported low macroscopic field values are at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the local field values required both by theory and by well-defined field emission experiments performed on metallic field emitters.…”

Plasma vapor deposited n-indium tin oxide/p-copper indium oxide heterojunctions for optoelectronic device applications

“…4(b). 15) The quantitative average transmittance of films sputtered at 100 W can be observed from Fig. 4(c).…”

Morphology-dependent low macroscopic field emission properties of titania/titanate nanorods synthesized by alkali-controlled hydrothermal treatment of a metallic Ti surface

“…Similarly, adopting the HOP model (details are discussed in supplementary data, equation (S6)), the β HOP was obtained as 700, which is considerably underestimated against the experimental value (1000). This is because the HOP model is mainly used for thin film-based field emitters (such as carbonaceous and wide band gap metal oxide nanostructures [48,85,86]), where the FE mechanism is greatly influenced by the low (or negative) electron affinity (η) and/or the internal nanostructure of the materials. This produces considerably low macroscopic cold electron emission, even with low-to-moderate values of field enhancement factors [57,76].…”

“…The Potential applications include field emission displays (FEDs) for low-power panel technology [46]. Also, recent reports on the enhanced FE properties of wide bandgap metal oxide nanostructures (such as ZnO nanowires, nanofibers, nanorods, CuAlO 2 nanoparticles, TiO 2 nanorods/tubes/platelets, SnO 2 nanotubes, and NiO nanorods [47][48][49][50][51][52]) have opened up new possibilities in FED materials for improved performance. Apart from the high geometrical field-enhancement factor (β) at the low-dimensional emitter tips, wide gap metal oxide nanostructures have several advantages over conventional Spindt-tip cathodes [53] and carbon-based field emitters (e.g., carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, diamond-like carbon, and amorphous carbon, [54,55]).…”

“…Apart from the high geometrical field-enhancement factor (β) at the low-dimensional emitter tips, wide gap metal oxide nanostructures have several advantages over conventional Spindt-tip cathodes [53] and carbon-based field emitters (e.g., carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, diamond-like carbon, and amorphous carbon, [54,55]). These advantages include high chemical stability in harsh environments for stable and reproducible FE characteristics, low electron affinity (η) by virtue of a wider optical bandgap to provide low energy electron tunneling, internal nanostructures of the materials to provide necessary field enhancements within the nanomaterial, and at the emitter-vacuum interface to produce enhanced cold field electron emission [48,56].…”