Low-loss converters between optical silicon waveguides of different sizes and types

Aalto, Timo; Solehmainen, Kimmo; Harjanne, Mikko; Kapulainen, Markku; Heimala, Päivi

doi:10.1109/lpt.2006.871150

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Light was first butt-coupled from a single mode fiber to a 10 µm wide rib waveguide, that was subsequently tapered down to 3 µm width. A 350 µm long rib-to-strip converter was then employed to couple light into the strip waveguides [53]. Three waveguides were utilized with lengths of 0.52 m, 0.94 m and 1.46 m, which correspond to delay values of 6.5 ns, 11.3 ns and 17.2 ns at 1550 nm and are denoted as Delay 1, Delay 2 and Delay 3, respectively.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Results For Optical Packet Bufferingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photonics towards Disaggregation of Resources in Data Centers

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In this paper, we demonstrate two subsystems based on Silicon Photonics, towards meeting the network requirements imposed by disaggregation of resources in Data Centers. The first one utilizes a 4 × 4 Silicon photonics switching matrix, employing Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) with Electro-Optical phase shifters, directly controlled by a high speed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for the successful implementation of a Bloom-Filter (BF)-label forwarding scheme. The FPGA is responsible for extracting the BF-label from the incoming optical packets, carrying out the BF-based forwarding function, determining the appropriate switching state and generating the corresponding control signals towards conveying incoming packets to the desired output port of the matrix. The BF-label based packet forwarding scheme allows rapid reconfiguration of the optical switch, while at the same time reduces the memory requirements of the node's lookup table. Successful operation for 10 Gb/s data packets is reported for a 1 × 4 routing layout. The second subsystem utilizes three integrated spiral waveguides, with record-high 2.6 ns/mm 2 , delay versus footprint efficiency, along with two Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) wavelength converters, to construct a variable optical buffer and a Time Slot Interchange module. Error-free on-chip variable delay buffering from 6.5 ns up to 17.2 ns and successful timeslot interchanging for 10 Gb/s optical packets are presented.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Results For Optical Packet Bufferingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photonics towards Disaggregation of Resources in Data Centers

et al. 2018

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“…Today, the main technology platform is based on 3 µm thick SOI where light is almost fully confined inside the Si core. The combination [44] of single-mode rib waveguides and multi-mode strip waveguides offers a unique combination of low losses (∼0.1 dB/cm), dense integration (bend radii 1-30 µm) and small polarization dependence in effectively single-mode PICs. In addition to fully passive components, also thermo-optic phase modulators, plasma dispersion modulators and Ge photodiodes have been developed.…”

Section: Vtt's Thick-soi Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open-Access Silicon Photonics Platforms in Europe

Rahim

Goyvaerts

Szelag

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

102

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Offering open-access silicon photonics-based technologies has played a pivotal role in unleashing this technology from research laboratories to industry. Fabless enterprises rely on the open-access of these technologies for their product development. In the last decade, a diverse set of open-access technologies with medium and high technology readiness levels have emerged. This paper provides a review of the open-access silicon and silicon nitride photonic IC technologies offered by the pilot lines of European research institutes and companies. The

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“…First of all, input and output couplings happen through singlemode rib waveguides. Then, light is coupled from the rib waveguide to the strip waveguide and vice versa through adiabatic rib-to-strip converters 21 , with negligible loss (≈0.02 dB), which excites only the fundamental mode of the strip waveguide. Also the tightest Euler bends 17 are designed to ensure that most of the light remains in the fundamental mode, again resulting in very low-losses (≈0.02 dB).…”

Section: Vtt Micron-scale Silicon Photonics Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat-top interleavers based on single MMIs

Cherchi

Sun

Kapulainen

et al. 2020

Silicon Photonics XV

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We demonstrate for the first time flat-top interleavers based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) which use only single multimode interferometers (MMIs) as power splitters. Our previous designs were based on 4-stage cascades of MZIs, where we used single MMIs and double MMIs to achieve 85:15 splitting ratio and 31:69 splitting ratio respectively. This time, we propose instead a greatly simplified 2-stage configuration using only single MMIs, including a standard 50:50 MMI, and two tapered MMIs to achieve 71:29 and 92:08 splitting ratios. We have designed the interleaver based on its geometrical representation on the Bloch sphere, then confirmed by efficient 2D simulations of the building blocks and of the whole structure, based on the eigenmode expansion method. We show how important is to take into account the phase relations between the outputs of all MMIs in order to make a working design. We have successfully fabricated devices with different channel spacing on our micron-scale silicon photonics platform, and measurement results confirmed their expected flat-top operation on a broad band. Using only single MMI splitters we can not only greatly outperform the bandwidth achieved by standard directional couplers, but we can also ensure much higher robustness to fabrication errors, also compared to previous demonstrations based on double MMIs. Indeed, when compared to those previous attempts, the new results prove tapered MMIs to be the most robust approach to achieve arbitrary splitting ratios.

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Low-loss converters between optical silicon waveguides of different sizes and types

Abstract: Low-loss converters between optical silicon waveguides of different sizes and types

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Silicon Photonics towards Disaggregation of Resources in Data Centers

Silicon Photonics towards Disaggregation of Resources in Data Centers

Open-Access Silicon Photonics Platforms in Europe

Flat-top interleavers based on single MMIs

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