Low incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Canterbury, New Zealand: a population-based study

Ngu, Jing Hieng; Gearry, Richard B.; Wright, Andrew Jeffrey; Stedman, Catherine

doi:10.1007/s12072-011-9329-0

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Studies from other places have generally found incidence rates of 1 to 2 per 100,000 per year with increasing time trends, and it remains uncertain whether the different incidence rates across time and place merely reflect the fact that more recent studies are better at finding people with PBC. However, the low incidence rates reported from the Netherlands during 2000-2007 (1 per 100,000) [44] and from New Zealand in 2008 (0.8 per 100,000) [46] suggest that this is not the only explanation -differences in the prevalence of risk factors for PBC almost certainly contribute to the low incidence rates. Studies of risk factors for PBC are more advanced than studies of risk factors for the other autoimmune liver diseases.…”

Section: Aihmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The explanation is that PBC is very much a disease of old age -more so than AIH -and the Icelandic population is older than the WHO World Standard Population. So, the upside of choosing the WHO World Standard Population is that the standardized incidence in Iceland is readily comparable with the standardized incidence in New Zealand [46] , because the 2 studies used the same standard population. The downside is that the standardized incidence in Iceland is not good for estimating the actual number of PBC patients in Iceland.…”

Section: Aihmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Worldwide Incidence of Autoimmune Liver Disease

Jepsen¹,

Grønbæk²,

Vilstrup³

2015

Dig Dis

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Background: The variation that occurs in the incidence patterns of autoimmune liver diseases may provide insight into the risk factors causing the diseases. We systematically reviewed studies on the incidence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis (IAC) in general populations. Key Messages: We found relevant studies through Medline and Scopus, and we examined whether they were population-based; the way they found cases for inclusion and which diagnostic criteria they used; and whether they used standardization to facilitate comparison with other studies. The 55 identified studies varied greatly in their case-finding methods, and only 14 (25%) of them used a standard population. Reported incidence rates of AIH were around 1 per 100,000 population per year, possibly higher in Scandinavia than in other countries, and a Danish study of the 1994-2012 period found an increasing incidence. A majority of PBC studies found incidence rates of 1-2 per 100,000 population per year and an increasing time trend, but incidence was lower in the Netherlands and New Zealand and higher in North East England. Most studies of PSC found incidence rates around 1 per 100,000 population per year, but there were no incident cases among 100,000 Alaska natives during the period 1984-2000. The incidence of IAC remains unknown. Conclusions: The incidence of the autoimmune liver diseases is around 1-2 per 100,000 population per year for each disease. The variation in incidence over time and place suggests that there are differences in the prevalence of risk factors for the diseases, but the studies used different methods and so it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. We recommend that groups of investigators conduct multisite studies with identical case-finding methods, and that they use a standard population to account for differences in demographics.

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Section: Aihmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Aihmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Incidence of Autoimmune Liver Disease

Jepsen¹,

Grønbæk²,

Vilstrup³

2015

Dig Dis

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“…We noticed that the incidence of PBC in New Zealand, Australia was particularly low compared to those reported in other locations for a similar period. [24] After removing the study by Ngu et al,[24] a significantly positive correlation between HDI and PBC incidence was observed [β = 7.645 ± 6.320 (95% CI), r = 0.463, P = 0.020] (Figure 1b). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Countries with a very high HDIs presented a mean PBC incidence of 1.981 per 100,000 per year (Standard deviation (SD): 0.842), while high HDI countries had a mean PBC incidence of 1.544 per 100,000 per year (SD: 0.641). Similarly, we removed the study conducted in New Zealand, Australia by Ngu et al,[24] and found that PBC was significantly more prevalent in countries with higher HDIs ( P = 0.045 by ANOVA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a global level, there was a positive but not significant correlation between PBC incidence and HDI. When excluding the study by Ngu et al conducted in New Zealand [24], whose PBC incidence was especially low compared to other locations in a similar research period, the incidence of PBC demonstrated a positive correlation with HDI. In addition, the PBC incidence in Europe correlated positively with HDI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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National incidence of autoimmune liver diseases and its relationship with the human development index

et al. 2016

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ObjectivePrimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and immunoglobulin G4 related cholangitis represent the major autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). However, the relationship between AILD incidence and socioeconomic development levels is yet to be explored.ResultsA total of 43 studies were included. There was a positive but not significant correlation between the PBC incidence and HDI on a global level (r=0.348, P=0.082). However, in Europe, a significantly positive correlation existed between the PBC incidence and HDI (r=0.455, P=0.044). No statistical correlation between PSC incidence and HDI was observed (r=0.116, P=0.706). The incidence of AIH revealed a positive correlation with the national HDI both globally (r=0.638, P=0.014) and in Europe (r=0.644, P=0.045). Moreover, the PBC incidence demonstrated a positive correlation with the health index (r=0.422, P=0.036), but a negative correlation with the education index (r= −0.650, P<0.01). Moreover, the income index presented a positive correlation with both the PSC incidence (r=0.599, P=0.031) and the AIH incidence (r=0.649, P=0.012).MethodsPubMed was searched to identify relevant epidemiological studies on AILD. The human development index (HDI) was applied as an indicator for socioeconomic development. HDI data were obtained and calculated based on the 2014 Human Development Report. Pearson coefficient and linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the correlation between incidence and HDI.ConclusionsThere is positive association between the national incidence of AILD and the socioeconomic status, as measured by HDI. In less-developed countries, the incidence of AILD, especially PBC and AIH, might be less common.

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PBC: No Longer a Western Disease?

Tanaka

2020

Clinical Liver Disease

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Low incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Canterbury, New Zealand: a population-based study

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Worldwide Incidence of Autoimmune Liver Disease

Worldwide Incidence of Autoimmune Liver Disease

National incidence of autoimmune liver diseases and its relationship with the human development index

PBC: No Longer a Western Disease?

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