Low Hydrogen Overpotential Nanocrystalline Ni‐Mo Cathodes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Huot, Jacques; Trudeau, Michel; Schulz, Robert

doi:10.1149/1.2085778

Cited by 123 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The 1980s again saw intensive studies of NiMo electrocatalyst layers [24] and surfaces were prepared by thermal decomposition followed by hydrogen reduction [34,44,45], electrodeposition of NiMo layers [65e67] sometimes as a NiMoCd alloy as this gave a high surface area [67], ball milling of Ni and Mo nanopowders to form alloy particles followed by pressing to give an electrode [68,69] and low pressure plasma spraying of NiAlMo alloy powders followed by leaching [70e72]. The papers by Brown et al [44,45] suggest that their alloy coating prepared by thermal decomposition and reduction contained 13% Mo.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Pletcher

2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

293

188

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Pletcher

2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

293

188

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“…The total electrode surface area of the unit was 545.6 cm 2 , with a geometry that allowed the anode and cathode to have the same amount of active surface area, and a total volume inside the electrolysis chamber of 121 cm 3 . The anodes and cathodes were separated by a microporous polymer membrane which allowed for ion transfer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Dissolved Gas Dynamics in Mixed Stream Electrolyzed Water

et al. 2012

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Supersaturated hydrogen and oxygen solutions of pH-neutral tap water were created through electrolysis and subsequently blended back together. The blended solution was monitored as a function of time with dissolved gas meters and time-lapse photography. While the pH of the blended anodic and cathodic electrolysis streams returned to neutral pH within seconds, the blended solution was observed to retain significantly elevated dissolved gas concentrations on a timescale of hours. The analysis of dynamic bubble formation along the surfaces of the container, along with dissolved gas measurements, indicates that exsolution of dissolved hydrogen gas takes place on a very similar timescale. The measured total mass balance of gas produced electrolytically suggests that while a significant fraction of gas is exsoluted immediately before mixing of the anodic and cathodic streams, there are dissolved gases that take hours to exsolute completely from an undisturbed solution. Additionally, these signatures were studied as a function of electrolysis current.

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“…The electrolysis of a potassium carbonate doped water solution (1 wt% carbonate was used to boost the ionic conductivity in the electrodes) resulted in a cell voltage of 2.1-2.2 V at 0.5 A cm −2 . Developing highly stable AEMs 28-31 and non-PGM electro catalysts 12,[14][15][16]20,32 with superior performance and lower cost for solid alkaline electrolyzers and alkaline membrane fuel cells is a current research priority. It is crucial to synthesize membranes that are stable during electrolyzer operation to match the excellent efficiencies ) unless CC License in place (see abstract).…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene)Oxide-Based Anion Exchange Membrane Separator and Solubilized Electrode Binder in Solid-State Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

Parrondo

Ramani

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this work, we investigate the performance and degradation of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) based AEMs in a solid-alkaline water electrolyzer at 50 • C using electrochemical testing and 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy. The PPO AEMs were derivatized with trimethylamine (TMA) and quinuclidine (ABCO) to yield AEMs with TMA + and ABCO + cations. The AEMs underwent chemical degradation during electrolysis. The cell voltage at 0.2 A/cm 2 for BrPPO-ABCO + and BrPPO-TMA + increased by 0.4 V and 0.2 V respectively after 5 hours of operation at 0.1 A/cm 2 . Postmortem analysis of the membrane and AEM binder recovered from the electrodes using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed degradation via the backbone hydrolysis mechanism. The degradation occurred preferentially in the vicinity of the oxygen evolution electrode. Backbone hydrolysis resulted in loss of AEM mechanical integrity as well as solubilization and loss of binder in the electrodes. Impedance spectroscopy revealed an increase both in the high frequency resistance (from 0.41 to 0.53 Ohm-cm −2 for BrPPO-TMA + and from 0.83 to 1.86 Ohm-cm −2 for BrPPO-ABCO + ) and in the charge transfer resistance (from 0.26 to 1.47 Ohm-cm −2 for BrPPO-TMA + and from 0.28 to 6.77 Ohm-cm −2 for BrPPO-ABCO + ) over this timeframe, corroborating degradation of the membrane separator and the electrode binder. Hydrogen production using solid alkaline water electrolyzers has recently attracted much interest as an alternative to traditional (liquid electrolyte) alkaline water electrolyzers, 1-4 proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers, 5-7 and solid oxide water electrolyzers.8 Solid alkaline electrolyzers provide an efficient, modular, and reliable method to produce hydrogen from water and renewable electricity sources, for energy storage and/or grid-scale loadleveling during spikes in electricity production or periods of low demand.9 One advantage in contrast with PEM electrolyzers arises from the fact that the alkaline environment facilitates better oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics and allows the use of non-platinum group catalysts for the OER, 1,2,10-21 which in turn can reduce capital expenditure. This must of course be tempered with the fact that the hydrogen evolution reaction is quite sluggish in alkaline environments and, based on the current state-of-the-art, will likely require a PGM electrocatalyst. In a solid alkaline water electrolyzer, the anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyte provides separation between the positive and negative electrodes, precluding the use of corrosive liquid electrolytes (and accompanying shunt currents) while permitting operation at high differential pressures. The production of hydrogen at intermediate pressures (15-30 bar) while releasing oxygen at atmospheric pressure is highly desirable as it facilitates hydrogen storage and delivery to applications requiring pressurized hydrogen. 22Electrolysis of water in alkaline conditions proceeds according to the half-cell reactions shown in Equations 1 and 2. The ideal solid alkaline water...

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Low Hydrogen Overpotential Nanocrystalline Ni‐Mo Cathodes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Cited by 123 publications

References 10 publications

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

A Study of Dissolved Gas Dynamics in Mixed Stream Electrolyzed Water

Stability of Poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene)Oxide-Based Anion Exchange Membrane Separator and Solubilized Electrode Binder in Solid-State Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

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