Low-grade systemic inflammation, hypoadiponectinemia and a high concentration of leptin are present in very young obese children, and correlate with metabolic syndrome

Relationships between Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness with Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents

“…The clustering of risk factors such as insulin resistance, elevated triglyceride concentrations, central obesity, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical inactivity and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations are routinely noted among both children and adolescents (Anderssen et al, 2007). Whilst there may be a genetic predisposition to some of these risk factors in certain individuals, most develop as a result of unhealthy lifestyle choices often beginning in childhood that lead to excess adiposity, physical inactivity and consequently low CRF (Cook et al, 2000;Valle et al, 2005).…”

Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial

“…Inflammatory markers and adipokines contribute to insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerosis (Hotamisligil, 2006;Rocha and Libby, 2009). Just as in adults (Shoelson et al, 2006), elevated levels of proinflammatory markers, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (Breslin et al, 2012) and leptin (Valle et al, 2005), as well as acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) (Cook et al, 2000;Visser et al, 2001), have been found in obese children. The level of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory marker, is decreased in obese children (Valle et al, 2005).…”

“…Just as in adults (Shoelson et al, 2006), elevated levels of proinflammatory markers, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (Breslin et al, 2012) and leptin (Valle et al, 2005), as well as acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) (Cook et al, 2000;Visser et al, 2001), have been found in obese children. The level of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory marker, is decreased in obese children (Valle et al, 2005). Furthermore, studies show that circulating CRP in children is positively associated with individual components of metabolic syndrome and clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score (Andersen et al, 2010;Cook et al, 2000).…”

A 3-year Mediterranean-style dietary intervention may modulate the association between adiponectin gene variants and body weight change

“…Adiponectin is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue [2], and can have antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing properties [3]. Low-plasma adiponectin levels have been observed in patients with obesity [4][5][6], coronary artery disease [7][8][9] and type 2 diabetes [10].…”