Low functional diversity and no redundancy in British avian assemblages

Petchey, Owen L.; Evans, Karl L.; Fishburn, Isla S.; Gaston, Kevin J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01271.x

Cited by 314 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Considerando que a redundância dentre as espécies presentes permanece pouco alterada ao longo do gradiente de urbanização, a menor diversidade funcional reflete, de fato, a ausência de aves com características específicas. Da mesma forma, Petchey et al (2007), avaliando várias assembléias de aves no Reino Unido, encontraram níveis baixos de redundância funcional a despeito de locais com menor diversidade funcional, indicando uma alteração direcional das mudanças na composição destas assembléias. Nas áreas de menor urbanização, a proporção de aves funcionalmente redudantes é maior, o que garante uma certa segurança na manutenção de determinadas funções ecológicas (Naeem, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Sacco

Rui

Bergmann

et al. 2015

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Reduction in taxonomic and functional bird diversity in an urban area in Southern Brazil. Urbanization is a globally process studied and considered one of the most drastic environmental disturb on biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate how different intensities of urbanization act in the structure of birds in a medium size city inserted in a wetland area. In addition to the traditional metrics richness, abundance and taxonomic composition, it was found as the functional diversity and redundancy of birds are influenced by urban gradient. The urban area studied was the Pelotas city (31°46''S, 52°20'W) situated at the southernmost part of Brazil in a humid region of Pampa biome. A total of 216 fixed observation points along an urbanization gradient were used to sample the avifauna and four independent variables: number of trees, number of buildings with two or more floors, presence of aquatic habitat, and presence of open habitat. Functional traits of species characterized the biomass, diet, forage substrate and nesting substrate. The richness, abundance and functional diversity of avifauna were negatively related to the increase of urban intensity while the redundancy, different from the expected, did not respond to the urban gradient. The traits related to the areas with more intense urbanization (building with two or more floors) were: preference for foraging in the air, omnivory and cavity nesting. Areas with less intense urbanization (more trees and open habitats) were related to the preference for nesting on vegetation and in lower sites, and carnivory. The study showed the importance of the presence of open and aquatic habitats for the avifauna, landscape features typically not cited in urban studies, which highlight the need to adequate the mitigation actions for conservation efforts inside urban habitats according to the regional pool of species.KEYWORDS. Biotic homogenization, Rao's functional diversity, wetlands, Pampa biome. RESUMO.A urbanização é um processo globalmente estudado e considerado um dos distúrbios mais drásticos sobre a biodiversidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar como diferentes intensidades de urbanização atuam na estruturação da avifauna em uma cidade de tamanho médio e inserida em região de área úmida. Além das métricas tradicionais de riqueza, abundância e composição taxonômica, verificou-se como a diversidade e redundâncias funcionais das aves são influenciadas pelo gradiente urbano. A área urbana estudada foi a cidade de Pelotas (31°46'S, 52°20'W), extremo sul do Brasil, que está inserida em uma área úmida do bioma Pampa. A amostragem das aves e a medida das variáveis urbanas (número de árvores, número de construções de até dois andares ou de mais de dois andares, presença de ambiente aquático e presença de ambiente aberto) foram realizadas em 216 pontos fixos de observação que foram marcados em diferentes intensidades de urbanização. Os atributos funcionais utilizados para caracterizar as espécies foram os relacionados à massa, dieta, substrato de forrageame...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Sacco

Rui

Bergmann

et al. 2015

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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“…This study does not uniformly support these results on a continental scale for large carnivores. Petchey et al [41] suggested that environmental filtering, i.e. local environmental conditions promoting species with similar adaptations to these conditions to coexist, could potentially cause the lower than expected local FD, and highlighted that their patterns likely occurred within regional scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional diversity in large carnivore assemblages

Dalerum

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Large terrestrial carnivores are important ecological components and prominent flagship species, but are often extinction prone owing to a combination of biological traits and high levels of human persecution. This study combines phylogenetic and functional diversity evaluations of global and continental large carnivore assemblages to provide a framework for conservation prioritization both between and within assemblages. Species-rich assemblages of large carnivores simultaneously had high phylogenetic and functional diversity, but species contributions to phylogenetic and functional diversity components were not positively correlated. The results further provide ecological justification for the largest carnivore species as a focus for conservation action, and suggests that range contraction is a likely cause of diminishing carnivore ecosystem function. This study highlights that preserving species-rich carnivore assemblages will capture both high phylogenetic and functional diversity, but that prioritizing species within assemblages will involve trade-offs between optimizing contemporary ecosystem function versus the evolutionary potential for future ecosystem performance.

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“…Communities with the same richness level may differ both in the phylogenetic relatedness of the species as a consequence of differences in their evolutionary histories [7,38], as well as in their functional traits due to contrasting environmental conditions [3,28,35,37]. In addition, by comparing PD with FD we can investigate how evolutionary time relates to trait evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding global patterns of mammalian functional and phylogenetic diversity

Safi

Cianciaruso

Loyola

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

339

426

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Documenting and exploring the patterns of diversity of life on Earth has always been a central theme in biology. Species richness despite being the most commonly used measure of diversity in macroecological studies suffers from not considering the evolutionary and ecological differences among species. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD) have been proposed as alternative measures to overcome this limitation. Although species richness, PD and FD are closely related, their relationships have never been investigated on a global scale. Comparing PD and FD with species richness corroborated the general assumptions of surrogacy of the different diversity measures. However, the analysis of the residual variance suggested that the mismatches between the diversity measures are influenced by environmental conditions. PD increased relative to species richness with increasing mean annual temperature, whereas FD decreased with decreasing seasonality relative to PD. We also show that the tropical areas are characterized by a FD deficit, a phenomenon, that suggests that in tropical areas more species can be packed into the ecological space. We discuss potential mechanisms that could have resulted in the gradient of spatial mismatch observed in the different biodiversity measures and draw parallels to local scale studies. We conclude that the use of multiple diversity measures on a global scale can help to elucidate the relative importance of historical and ecological processes shaping the present gradients in mammalian diversity.

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Low functional diversity and no redundancy in British avian assemblages

Cited by 314 publications

References 47 publications

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Phylogenetic and functional diversity in large carnivore assemblages

Understanding global patterns of mammalian functional and phylogenetic diversity

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