Low Frequency Noise and Resistivity Characteristics of Hybrid Composites with Onion-Like Carbon and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

The comprehensive study of resistivity and low frequency (10[Formula: see text]Hz–20[Formula: see text]kHz) noise characteristics of hybrid polymer composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and onion-like carbon (OLC) particles in one material have been carried out in the wide temperature range ((75–380) K). The characteristic dependences on the fillers density and the dominant conduction mechanisms were investigated. At low temperature ((75–170) K), the resistivity dependences on temperature are well-fitted by the Mott’s formula for the quasi-one-dimensional charge carrier variable range hopping and Arrhenius law. At temperatures above 300[Formula: see text]K, the resistance increases with temperature due to matrix expansion and decreases due to the onset of the conductivity in the matrix. Low frequency voltage noise spectra comprise of 1/[Formula: see text] and Lorentzian-type components with characteristic times in the range from 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s; the noise spectral density in the region of Ohmic resistance is proportional to the voltage square. Therefore, thermally activated charge carrier capture centers randomly modulate the sample’s resistance and control the carrier hopping. Impulse noise and more sudden changes of the noise characteristics were observed at the temperatures, where the conduction mechanisms change.

Noise and Electrical Characteristics of Composites Filled with Onion-Like Carbon Nanoparticles

“…In composite materials where the filler concentration exceeds the percolation threshold, but it is not very high, the space between adjacent conductive particles can be seen as the contact barrier, which can be quite large. The electrical conduction in such a structure, depending on the temperature, can be the result of tunneling and variable-range hopping [ 40 , 48 , 49 ]. Therefore, the resistivity-temperature characteristics of all investigated materials at low temperature, i.e., under which there is no effect of matrix expansion, have been approximated by the equation for charge carrier tunneling [ 48 ] and by the Mott’s equation for variable-range hopping processes [ 50 ].…”

“…One of the most sensitive methods for analyzing charge transfer mechanisms in composite materials is the study of low-frequency noise, which allows the smallest fluctuation in the physical processes occurring in the material to be captured [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. There are very few papers on the noise characteristics of carbon nanoparticle-based composite materials [ 35 , 39 ], although noise studies can highlight the influence of the type of carbon nanofiller on the charge transfer mechanisms [ 40 , 41 ]. In this paper, we present an in-depth study of the electrical and low-frequency noise characteristics of composite materials where onion-like carbon particles of different sizes have been used as conductive fillers in an epoxy resin.…”

Low-frequency noise in downscaled silicon transistors: Trends, theory and practice

“…The data ( ,) for Si nanowire devices are from [271,277,278,279,280,281]. The data for carbon nanotube devices ( , ) are from [268,272,274,275,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292], with details as discussed earlier in the text. The insets illustrate the distribution of the data around 1/area trend, in terms of log-normal distribution -see eqs.…”

“…Nevertheless, it seems that the noise in nanowire [271,277,278,279,280,281] and CNT [268,272,274,275,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292] devices scales according to the rules for mesoscopic devices. This is illustrated in Figure 54.…”

Unsolved Problems of Noise Preface to the UPoN-2018 Special Issue of Fluctuation and Noise Letters

“…Experimental features of noise in electron transport in manganite single crystals are discussed by Przybytek and Jung [3], raising many open questions in search of theoretical explanations. Tretjak et al [4] have performed a comprehensive study of the noise properties of hybrid polymer composites, which are important components in modern bioelectronic devices. These composites include multi-walled carbon nanotubes and onion-like carbon particles, the presence of which de¯nes strong temperature dependences in resistivity noise and provides an opportunity to control the noise characteristics.…”