Low Feed Efficient Broilers Within a Single Genetic Line Exhibit Higher Oxidative Stress and Protein Expression in Breast Muscle with Lower Mitochondrial Complex Activity

Iqbal, Mohammad; Pumford, Neil R.; Tang, Zhaoxin; Lassiter, Kentu; Wing, T.; Cooper, Marcus P.; Bottje, Walter

doi:10.1093/ps/83.3.474

Cited by 112 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Breast muscle mitochondria as well as gut, leg, heart, liver, and lymphocyte homogenates from low FE birds consistently exhibit a greater pervasive total protein carbonyl content compared with high FE birds (Bottje and Carstens, 2009). This supports previous observations of greater mitochondrial ROS production in low FE broilers (Bottje et al, 2002;Iqbal et al, 2004;OjanoDirain et al, 2005OjanoDirain et al, , 2007Lassiter et al, 2006) and in our high RFI pig lines (Grubbs et al, 2013a). This is further supported by low FE steers having greater neck muscle mitochondria protein carbonyl content (Sandelin, 2005).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Evidence of decreased muscle protein turnover in gilts selected for low residual feed intake1

Cruzen

Harris

Hollinger

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) to the biological basis for genetic differences in finisher pigs selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Residual feed intake is defined as the difference between expected feed intake (based on the achieved rate of BW gain and backfat depth of individual pigs) and the observed feed intake of the individual pig. We hypothesized that protein turnover would be reduced in pigs selected for low RFI. Twelve gilts from a line selected for 7 generations for low RFI and 12 from a contemporary line selected for 2 generations for high RFI were paired by age and BW and fed a standard corn-soybean diet for 6 wk. Pigs were euthanized, muscle and liver samples were collected, and insulin signaling, protein synthesis, and protein degradation proteins were analyzed for expression and activities. Muscle from low RFI pigs tended to have less μ-and m-calpain activities (P = 0.10 and 0.09, respectively) and had significantly greater calpastatin activity and a decreased μ-calpain:calpastatin activity ratio (P < 0.05). Muscle from low RFI pigs had less 20S proteasome activity compared with their high RFI counterparts (P< 0.05). No differences in insulin signaling intermediates and translation initiation signaling proteins [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway] were observed (P > 0.05). Postmortem proteolysis was determined in the LM from the eighth generation of the low RFI pigs versus their high RFI counterparts (n = 9 per line). Autolysis of μ-calpain was decreased in the low RFI pigs and less troponin-T degradation product was observed at 3 d postmortem (P < 0.05), indicating slowed postmortem proteolysis during aging in the low RFI pigs. These data provide significant evidence that less protein degradation occurs in pigs selected for reduced RFI, and this may account for a significant portion of the increased efficiency observed in these animals. KeywordsSwine Feed Efficiency, calpain, calpastatin, proteasome, protein synthesis, residual feed intake, swine ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) to the biological basis for genetic differences in finisher pigs selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Residual feed intake is defined as the difference between expected feed intake (based on the achieved rate of BW gain and backfat depth of individual pigs) and the observed feed intake of the individual pig. We hypothesized that protein turnover would be reduced in pigs selected for low RFI. Twelve gilts from a line selected for 7 generations for low RFI and 12 from a contemporary line selected for 2 generations for high RFI were paired by age and BW and fed a standard corn-soybean diet for 6 wk. Pigs were euthanized, muscle and liver samples were collected, and insulin signaling, protein synthesis, and protein degradation proteins were analyzed for expression and activities. Muscle from low RFI pigs tended to have less ...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Evidence of decreased muscle protein turnover in gilts selected for low residual feed intake1

Cruzen

Harris

Hollinger

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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“…CYTB is an essential subunit of the functional center of the ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex (complex III) and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c (Yu et al, 1999). Therefore, it has been widely used to evaluate mitochondrial activity (Carper et al, 1999;Iqbal et al, 2004). In addition, we also observed reduced expression of the ATP6 gene in heat stressed pigs from phase 2, irrespective of dietary aP levels ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effect of heat stress and feeding phosphorus levels on pig electron transport chain gene expression

Weller

Alebrante

Campos

et al. 2013

Animal

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and different levels of available phosphorus (aP) on the expression of nine genes encoding electron transport chain proteins in the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs. Two trials were carried out using 48 high-lean growth pigs from two different growth phases: from 15 to 30 kg (phase 1) and from 30 to 60 kg (phase 2). Pigs from growth phase 1 were fed with three different levels of dietary aP (0.107%, 0.321% or 0.535%) and submitted either to a thermoneutral (24°C and RH at 76%) or to a heat stress (34°C and RH at 70%) environment. Pigs from growth phase 2 were fed with three different levels of dietary aP (0.116%, 0.306% or 0.496%) and submitted either to a thermoneutral (22ºC and RH at 77%) or to a heat stress (32ºC and RH at 73%) environment. Heat stress decreased (P < 0.001) average daily feed i ntake at both growth phases. At 24°C, pigs in phase 1 fed the 0.321% aP diet had greater average daily gain and feed conversion (P < 0.05) than those fed the 0.107% or 0.535% while, at 34°C pigs fed the 0.535% aP had the best performance (P < 0.05). Pigs from phase 2 fed the 0.306% aP had best performance in both thermal environments. Gene expression profile was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Irrespective of growing phase, the expression of six genes was lower (P < 0.05) at high temperature than at thermoneutrality. The lower expression of these genes under high temperatures evidences the effects of heat stress by decreasing oxidative metabolism, through adaptive physiological mechanisms in order to reduce heat production. In pigs from phase 1, six genes were differentially expressed across aP levels (P < 0.05) in the thermoneutral and one gene in the heat stress. In pigs from phase 2, two genes were differentially expressed across aP levels (P < 0.05) in both thermal environments. These data revealed strong evidence that phosphorus and thermal environments are key factors to regulate oxidative phosphorylation with direct implications on animal performance.Keywords: nutrigenomics, oxidative phosphorylation, pig production, heat stress and animal production, phosphorous levels for pig nutrition ImplicationsData from this study are the first to reveal the effects of different available phosphorus (P) levels in Longissimus dorsi gene expression related to oxidative phosphorylation and its implications on pig performance. Moreover, this study showed the effects of high temperatures on the expression of these genes and how this may alter the physiological response to P. This information will contribute to better understand the role of P in energy metabolism and will bring new insights into the comprehension of the effects of high temperatures on nutritional requirements and mitochondrial function.

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“…Birds receiving feed supplemented with 12% glycerol showed higher COX III expression and worse feed efficiency than birds receiving no glycerol and 8% glycerol. Similar to this finding, other studies have found increased expression of COX III in birds with poor feed efficiency (Iqbal et al, 2004;Iqbal et al, 2005;Lassiter et al, 2006;Tinsley et al, 2010), suggesting that there is a relationship between poor feed efficiency and increased COX III expression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…According to Iqbal et al (2004), although the exact mechanism of action of COX III has not yet been fully determined, the high expression of COX III in low feed efficiency birds could represent a compensatory response against possible oxidative stress caused by enhanced protein oxidation. The increase in COX III expression in animals fed a diet containing 12% glycerol is a strong indication of the likely increase in reactive oxygen species caused by diet, since the function of COX III is more closely linked to stress oxidative responses and activities relating to changes in proton position (You et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary glycerol for quail: association between productive performance and COX III mRNA expression

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. This study was carry out to evaluate mRNA expression of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase III in the Pectoralis superficialis muscle of 28-day-old quails fed diets containing 0, 8, and 12% glycerol. Total RNA was extracted (N = 10) and cDNA was amplified using specifics primers for qRT-PCR. Feed efficiency and feed intake were evaluated. COX III mRNA expression in breast muscle was higher in the group fed with 12% glycerol (0.863 AU); no differences were observed in the expression of this gene between the muscle of animals fed diets without glycerol (0.357 AU) and 8% glycerol (0.415 AU). Quails that showed greater COX III mRNA expression also showed the lowest feed efficiency. These results show that there is a difference in COX III mRNA expression in breast muscle of 28-day-old quail fed diets different concentrations of glycerol.

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Low Feed Efficient Broilers Within a Single Genetic Line Exhibit Higher Oxidative Stress and Protein Expression in Breast Muscle with Lower Mitochondrial Complex Activity

Cited by 112 publications

References 76 publications

Evidence of decreased muscle protein turnover in gilts selected for low residual feed intake1

Evidence of decreased muscle protein turnover in gilts selected for low residual feed intake1

Effect of heat stress and feeding phosphorus levels on pig electron transport chain gene expression

Dietary glycerol for quail: association between productive performance and COX III mRNA expression

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