Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: How Low Can We Go?

Abstract

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established cause of cardiovascular disease and subsequent adverse events. The efficacy and safety of lowering plasma LDL-C to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and secondary event rates are now well established. What has not been established, however, is a plasma LDL-C lower threshold level of safety and efficacy. Here we review intensive plasma LDL-C-lowering with statins and argue that even further reductions of plasma LDL-C than current guideline targets is likely to safely reduce cardiovascular event rates. We discuss how to achieve very low levels of plasma LDL-C using both traditional and novel LDL-lowering therapies.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in early assessment of disease severity and outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU

“…There are five major lipoproteins: chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein, medium-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, which are classified compared with the density of the surrounding water [13,14]. To facilitate cell absorption and utilization of fat through receptor-mediated endocytosis, LDL carries all of the fatty molecules, cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides, while HDL transports cholesterol from the cells and tissues back to the liver [15]. Rather than measuring actual HDL and LDL particles, assessing HDL-C and LDL-C levels provides information about how much cholesterol is delivered by all HDL and LDL particles.…”

Dietary Addition of Antioxidant Complex Packs and Functional Amino Acids Can Improve the Digestion, Absorption, and Immunity of Huanjiang Minipigs

“…Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is one of the low-density lipoproteins, which can cause atherosclerosis when the content is too high [ 25 ]. And a large number of studies have shown that lowering plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) can reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke [ 26 ]. In our experiment, the level of LDL-C3 was significantly decreased in the ACP group, and LDL-C3 has a tendency to decrease in the ACP+FAA group.…”

Efeitos dos probióticos no perfil lipídico: revisão sistemática

“…2 Among these risk factors, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increases in the concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDL), and reductions in the levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are all important targets for attempts to prevent CVDs. 3,4 The intestinal microbiota (IM) is responsible for many different biochemical reactions and is considered an important regulator of metabolic status. 5 According to Huttenhower et al, 6 the IM is directly linked with maintenance of good health, whether intestinal or systemic.…”