Low cycle fatigue properties of AA2519–Ti6Al4V laminate bonded by explosion welding

High-velocity impact welding is a kind of solid-state welding process that is one of the solutions for the joining of dissimilar materials that avoids intermetallics. Five main methods have been developed to date. These are gas gun welding (GGW), explosive welding (EXW), magnetic pulse welding (MPW), vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW), and laser impact welding (LIW). They all share a similar welding mechanism, but they also have different energy sources and different applications. This review mainly focuses on research related to the experimental setups of various welding methods, jet phenomenon, welding interface characteristics, and welding parameters. The introduction states the importance of high-velocity impact welding in the joining of dissimilar materials. The review of experimental setups provides the current situation and limitations of various welding processes. Jet phenomenon, welding interface characteristics, and welding parameters are all related to the welding mechanism. The conclusion and future work are summarized.Various solid-state welding methods have been developed recently, for example, friction stir welding, explosive welding (EXW), friction welding, magnetic pulse welding (MPW), cold welding, ultrasonic welding, roll welding, pressure gas welding, resistance welding, vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW), gas gun welding (GGW), and laser impact welding (LIW). Among those solid-state welding methods-GGW, EXW, MPW, VFAW, and LIW-are five kinds of high-velocity impact-welding methods. They shared the same welding mechanism, but have different welding energy sources indicated by their names: high-speed gas [13], explosive [14,15], capacitor bank energy (MPW and VFAW) [16], and laser [17], respectively.High-velocity impact welding is characterized by a low welding temperature and fast welding speed. The process is conducted at room temperature. Furthermore, there is no external heat input during the welding process. Figure 1 is a schematic transient state in the welding process. After the transient force is applied on the external surface of the flyer, the flyer moves toward the target at the velocity of several hundred meters per second [18]. When the flyer collides on the target, a jet is generated at the collision point, which contains contaminants, oxide layers, and a thin layer of metals. As a result, the "clean" metals (no contaminants, oxide layers) are exposed to each other. With the transient force, they are brought within atomic distance, where the atomic bond is formed. This process is usually takes several to dozens of microseconds based on different welding processes. For example, in LIW, it usually takes less than one microsecond. In other high-velocity impact-welding processes, it takes longer than that. Metals 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 19However, Al 7075 alloy is susceptible to hot cracking [8,9], and titanium is chemically active at high temperature [10][11][12]. Zinc-coated steel is an important structural material in automobiles. However, during the fusion-weldin...

Section: Explosive Welding and Gas Gun Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Welding Parameters On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Velocity Impact Welding Process: A Review

Wang

2019

“…Very intensive research in this area is in progress in China [3,4]. In Poland, it is studied in centers such as: the Military University of Technology, the Polish Academy of Sciences, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz and Opole University of Technology [5,6]. Materials such as titanium, zirconium, tantalum and their alloys [7,8] are becoming more and more frequently used in scientific research, considering their special properties, including resistance and increased strength at high temperatures, high corrosion resistance in many environments, resistance to various kinds of radiation [9], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Cracks Growth under Cyclic Bending in St-Ti Clad Obtained by Explosive Welding

Rozumek

Kwiatkowski

2019

The current work focuses on the effect of time and temperature of annealing on the change in the structure and cracks growth and fatigue life of the steel-titanium bimetal obtained by explosive welding. Cyclic bending tests were performed for different levels of annealing temperature on bimetal specimens of a rectangular cross-section. The fatigue crack growth was measured by microscopy. Structure changes of steel, titanium and bond area resulted in a different micro-hardness distribution. The relationship between the level of the annealing temperature, the propagation of fatigue cracks, structure changes and micro-hardness level is analyzed. The heat treatment of the bimetal at the temperature of 500 °C does not result in considerable changes in the structure of steel and titanium. The diffusion of carbon to titanium was observed. A higher annealing temperature results in a lower fatigue life. Also, for a given annealing temperature, a longer annealing time results in a higher fatigue life.

“…As a result, as the explosive ratio increased, the waving at the bonding interface increased and parallel to this, the wavelength and the amplitude increased. In the literature [14], it was reported that a pressure wave is generated during the explosive welding process, which gives the base plate and flyer plate specific and usually very high velocities. The collision of plates with such high velocities triggers a pressure of up to 1-2 atm × 10 5 Pa.…”

Section: Metallographic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, Mechanical and Corrosion Investigations of Ship Steel-Aluminum Bimetal Composites Produced by Explosive Welding

Kaya

2018

Abstract:In this study, explosive welding was used in the cladding of aluminum plates to ship steel plates at different explosive ratios. Ship steel-aluminum bimetal composite plates were manufactured and the influence of the explosive ratio on the cladded bonding interface was examined. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) studies were employed for the characterization of the bonding interface of the manufactured ship steel-aluminum bimetal composites. Tensile-shear, notch impact toughness, bending and twisting tests, and microhardness studies were implemented to determine the mechanical features of the bimetal composite materials. In addition, neutral salt spray (NSS) tests were performed in order to examine the corrosion behavior of the bimetal composites.