Low Cost Solution Based on Software Defined Radio for the RF Exposure Assessment: A Performance Analysis

Bechet, Andrei Cristian; Helbet, Robert; Bouleanu, Iulian; Sârbu, Annamaria; Miclăuș, Simona; Bechet, Paul

doi:10.1109/atee.2019.8724739

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Wi-Fi antenna efficiencies for handheld mobile devices are typically on the order of −6 dB to −2 dB [48]. To enhance the generality of our conclusion, we would like to add the following: (a) Higher E field strength values were also recorded for 802.11n network as compared to those obtained in the case of the 802.11ac network in some of our previous findings, as reported in [49], when computer clients were used instead. (b) Similar findings are expected for other mobile devices that exhibit higher conducted power in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi frequency band as compared to that in the 5 GHz Wi-Fi frequency band (e.g., found by the authors in the FCC database of phones: Huawei P30 Lite, LG G6, HTC One).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices

Sârbu

Miclăuș

Digulescu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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A suitable metric to describe human exposure to microwaves emitted by wireless communication devices is still incomplete. By using both theoretical analysis and experimental validation (in controlled and real deployed networks), we analyze and compare the specificity of exposure due to data transmissions in different configurations of fourth and fifth generation wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) standards in the proximity of a mobile device. Measurements made use of the capability of the amplitude probability density incorporated in a real-time spectrum analyzer, proving its agility of highlighting different user exposure profiles. The results are presented comparatively and indicate that, in Wi-Fi networks, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) should be used together with the duty cycle for an improved exposure assessment. The present work introduces the emitted energy density per bit in describing the user’s exposure to Wi-Fi signals and proves its superiority in characterizing the true levels of exposure for the IEEE 802.11n and 802.11ac standards of communication.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices

Sârbu

Miclăuș

Digulescu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Its single RF channel can be set as either transmitter or receiver (half-duplex). It has been used in several different applications, such as RF exposure assessment [10], as a testbed for avionic wireless tests [11], as an education tool [12] and to measure WiFi spectrum occupancy [13]. SDR sensitivity is primarily defined by the the number of bits of its ADC.…”

Section: Sdr and Gnu Radiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Field Measurement System Based on a Software Defined Radio

Perotoni¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

PIER Letters

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This article reports an SDR (software-defined radio) operating as a receiver for nearfield measurement, aiming at EMC pre-compliance tests. The SDR replaces professional-grade RF instrumentation with benefits, with lower costs. Its software application is based on open-source GNU-Radio, which grants a higher versatility to the signal processing and visualization, requiring a single laptop to analyze the data and control the whole system, in real time. Reported tests used two commercial PCB magnetic field probes, and a proof-of-concept near-field imaging is performed in an L-shaped transmission line at 1100 MHz.

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“…The CP was measured based on the SDR capability to access the signal samples in the time domain. The instantaneous power level of the signal was calculated as the square root of the product between the sample power represented in complex form and its conjugate [39]. We have designed a user interface that enables both time and frequency visu- GNU Radio is a free software development framework that provides signal processing functions for SDR.…”

Section: Receiver Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SDR-Enabled Multichannel Real-Time Measurement System for In Situ EMF Exposure Evaluation

et al. 2022

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The spatial and temporal variability of the signals emitted by modern communication devices produced a paradigm shift in approaching the human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This inherent variability requires in situ, agile EMF measurement solutions capable of performing real-time isotropic measurements. The aim of this paper is to describe a new real-time, highly flexible multichannel EMF measurement system that consists of a sensor connected to state-of-the-art software-defined radio (SDR) equipment. In this paper an electric field sensor is proposed, but we also provide information on the extension of the probe to electric and magnetic fields. In the receiver section, the proposed solution is compared in terms of performances (sensitivity and accuracy), costs, and requirements, with standard solutions based on spectrum analyzers or a digital oscilloscope. Finally, the proposed solution was tested considering the signals emitted in various operating scenarios by a mobile device operating in the LTE-A and IEEE 802.11ax mobile communication standards. The results confirm the versatility and efficiency of the proposed solution for in situ EMF measurements of signals emitted by the new generation communication devices.

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Low Cost Solution Based on Software Defined Radio for the RF Exposure Assessment: A Performance Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices

Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices

Near-Field Measurement System Based on a Software Defined Radio

SDR-Enabled Multichannel Real-Time Measurement System for In Situ EMF Exposure Evaluation

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