Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices

Sârbu, Annamaria; Miclăuș, Simona; Digulescu, Angela; Bechet, Paul

doi:10.3390/ijerph17238837

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is well documented that the RF-EMF radiations from digital devices like mobile phones, laptop and Wi-Fi affect the sperm motality and progressiveness.Radiations from cell phone are found affecting sperm motility causing DNA fragmentation and alteration in gene expression [24][25][26]. Electromagnetic radiations from smart phone (1800 -MHZ) and Wi Fi (2.45 GHZ) made an imbalance in antioxidants in semen and damaged sperm DNA [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Radiations on the Functional Potential of Spermatozoa

Dhasarathan¹,

Mg²,

Aj³

et al. 2021

austinjpublichealthepidemiol

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The growing exposure to digital communication system and tools leads to radiation toxicity to the users. Unaware of the safety measures even a kid at the age of one starts operating digital gadgets emitting Radio frequencyelectromagnetic radiations. Radiations from mobile phones laptops, note pad, Wi-Fi or other devices are reported to be harmful beyond the permissible limit. So there is a growing concern for the overall health, reproductive, and hormonal functions. Experimental studies were conducted by using a Wi-Fi network active laptop and live spermatozoa. The exposure of sperms to the source of EMF showed that the activity of the live sperms got reduced and mortality was observed depending on the exposure duration and the distance from EMF sources. After 5h of exposure to RF-EMF source the semen quality changed when compared with control. The vitality of sperm in the control was 95±1.0 after 2 hr and it was reduced to 60±1.5 percent at a distance of 1cm and 55±2.2 percent at a distance of 10 cm. After 5 hour exposure, the vitality was reduced to 63±1.86 at 1 cm distance and 70±1.42 at 10 cm distance. The reduction in vitality of sperm after exposure to RF-EMF source for 2 hour was 35% at 1cm and 40% at 10cm distance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Radiations on the Functional Potential of Spermatozoa

Dhasarathan¹,

Mg²,

Aj³

et al. 2021

austinjpublichealthepidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Under various conceptual umbrellas like "smart appliances", "Internet of Things", or "Industry 4.0", wireless communication is increasingly integrated into various facets of daily life, providing a more convenient alternative for data utilization and prompting changes in telecommunications technology. These changes increasingly involve encoding information into the RF spectrum rather than increasing the transmission power [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources

Tuță,

Roșu,

Andone

et al. 2024

Electronics

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In recent decades, the widespread use of mobile phones and wireless technologies has led to a significant increase in radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), raising concerns about continuous RF-EMF exposure among the general population. Recent research indicates that real-life RF signals are more biologically active than controlled laboratory signals with a low variability, suggesting that living organisms can adapt to EMF exposure when the pattern has a low variability. However, using real-life sources with unpredictable variation signals in biological experiments contradicts the principle of experiment controllability. This paper aims to investigate the nature of signals generated by current sources of ambient EMFs in terms of stationarity, with the goal of replicating them in biological experiments to study the effects of EMF exposure. Employing a range of statistical methodologies, starting with descriptive statistical analysis and progressing to the advanced APDP and APTF methods, an examination is conducted on a collection of Wi-Fi signal recordings across various operating modes, with particular attention given to video streaming. The chosen datasets are scrutinized with respect to their adherence to a Gaussian distribution and the concept of stationarity. The results indicate that the observed Wi-Fi signals lack stationarity in both the time and frequency domains. However, based on the analytical findings, it is possible to generate signals in frequency that authentically replicate Wi-Fi signals, accounting for nonstationarity considerations.

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“…The issue of biological effects of this exposure, however, lacks scientific consensus, primarily due to the difficulty in organizing both accurate and relevant biological experiments, leading to conflicting scientific findings [1,2]. Furthermore, the scientific community investigating these biological effects faces difficulties in keeping pace with the rapid evolution of emerging technologies [3,4]. Additionally, there is substantial variability in the experimental conditions employed for in vivo studies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Telecommunications engineers strive to achieve comprehensive network coverage, including indoor areas, but this objective leads to the quasi-permanent presence of low-intensity RF-EMF indoors. Characterizing exposure levels in indoor environments proves to be a more straightforward task, primarily relying on the utilization of fixed laboratory equipment powered by an electrical network [3,8,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SDR-Based Portable System for Evaluating Exposure to Ambient Electromagnetic Fields

Tuta,

Panait-Radu,

Ardelean

et al. 2023

Electronics

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This paper discusses the need to accurately determine the population’s exposure to low-intensity radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from modern technologies like mobile networks, Wi-Fi, and IoT and proposes a practical solution for this assessment. There is no scientific consensus on the biological effects, mostly due to challenges in conducting accurate biological experiments. Recent research suggests that real-life exposure sources trigger stronger biological responses than laboratory-generated RF-EMF. However, there is a lack of research comparing the effects of these sources. This paper introduces a portable system for assessing and monitoring EMF exposure in urban areas. Employing a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platform to ensure adaptability, the system incorporates two measurement configurations. The initial version concentrates on determining the average power within a 20 MHz Wi-Fi channel, whereas the subsequent configuration augments its functionality by introducing a frequency sweep. This sweep broadens the scrutinized bandwidth, thereby enriching the captured data content through the storage of spectrum sweeps corresponding to each average power value. These data can be used to create EMF profile maps based on individuals’ geographical coordinates. Compared to current limited-performance commercial exposimeters, the proposed system offers expanded capabilities by broadening the frequency bandwidth, georeferencing measurements, and storing data in an SQL database. Compared to high-performance commercial exposimeters, the major advantage of the system is its ability to detect short-term fluctuations in signal spectra and store the corresponding data for subsequent analysis.

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Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Electromagnetic Radiations on the Functional Potential of Spermatozoa

Electromagnetic Radiations on the Functional Potential of Spermatozoa

On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources

SDR-Based Portable System for Evaluating Exposure to Ambient Electromagnetic Fields

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