Low-Cost Microwave Vector System for Liquid Properties Monitoring

Staszek, Kamil; Piekarz, Ilona; Sorocki, Jakub; Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik; Wincza, Krzysztof; Gruszczyński, Sławomir

doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2733423

Cited by 55 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The gas-sensing behavior of the deposited metal oxide thin films was verified under exposure to selected volatile organic compounds in the 0–200 ppm range. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol were used due to their industrial [58] and biomedical applications [59,60]. The various concentration levels were obtained by utilization of mass flow controllers (MKS Instruments, Andover, MA, USA), Dreschel bottles (filled with pure solutions of VOCs), and controlled by mass spectrometer (HidenAnalytical, Warrington, United Kingdom), the gas-sampling system was previously described in [50].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Technology for Volatile Organic Compound Detection in the Microwave Frequency Range

2019

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Metal oxide thin films such as copper oxide, titanium dioxide, and tin dioxide deposited by magnetron sputtering technology were verified as a gas-sensitive layer in microwave-based gas sensors operated at 2.4 GHz. The developed gas sensors were tested at room temperature (23 °C) and 50% relative humidity (RH) under exposure to 0–200 ppm of selected volatile organic compounds (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) that are of high interest in industry and biomedical applications. The highest responses to acetone were obtained for CuO-based gas sensors, to ethanol for SnO2-based gas sensors, while for methanol detection both dioxides, SnO2 and TiO2, exhibited good sensitivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Technology for Volatile Organic Compound Detection in the Microwave Frequency Range

2019

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“…Many methods have been utilized to determine the properties of the samples to be tested [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. A low-cost microwave vector system proposed in reference [ 27 ] has the advantage over a single transmission line to improve the sensitivity, which allows for the measurement of magnitude and phase of the material under test. In reference [ 28 ], the fat and salt contents of beef products are simultaneously measured employing microwave techniques, which have advantages such as low cost, portability, and real-time operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel wireless, high-resolution, resonant-based microwave sensor is presented to enable high-resolution sensing in non-accessible applications, while minimizing the battery usage [ 32 ]. However, some of the sensors mentioned above suffer from their large size and required integration with other devices [ 27 , 32 ], such as power detectors, DC sources, and data acquisition boards or the use of larger quantities of samples for testing, because of their large sensing areas. Besides, the identification of different substances has only been reported on a low scale so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Microwave Sensor for Liquid Characterization Using a Complementary Circular Spiral Resonator

Zhang

Ruan

Haq

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper describes a low-cost, small size, and high-sensitivity microwave sensor using a Complementary Circular Spiral Resonator (CCSR), which operates at around 2.4 GHz, for identifying liquid samples and determining their dielectric constants. The proposed sensor was fabricated and tested to effectively identify different liquids commonly used in daily life and determine the concentrations of various ethanol–water mixtures at by measuring the resonant frequency of the CCSR. Using acrylic paint, a square channel was drawn at the most sensitive position of the microwave sensor to ensure accuracy of the experiment. To estimate the dielectric constants of the liquids under test, an approximate model was established using a High-Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS). The results obtained agree very well with the existing data. Two parabolic equations were calculated and fitted to identify unknown liquids and determine the concentrations of ethanol–water mixtures. Thus, our microwave sensor provides a method with high sensitivity and low consumption of material for liquid monitoring and determination, which proves the feasibility and broad prospect of this low-cost system in industrial application.

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“…Based on these results, our further investigation will be focused on electrical biosensor development in which the composition of Ti + APTES/glutaraldehyde + polyclonal antibodies will be used because of their good binding and selectivity properties. The sensor networks, which can take a form of e.g., a section of coupled lines where an increased sensitivity can be achieved when such a section is excited differentially, as described previously [ 61 ]. Furthermore, we aim at towards the development of a fully integrated microwave biosensor, where a sensing element with the necessary circuits will be integrated within a single chip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Sensors Contact Metallization (Ti, Au, and Ru) and Biofunctionalization for Escherichia coli Detection

Górska

Rydosz

Brzozowska

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In designing a bacteria biosensor, various issues must be addressed: the specificity of bacteria recognition, the immobilization of biomolecules that act as the bacteria receptor, and the selectivity of sensor surface. The aim of this paper was to examine how the biofunctionalized surface of Ti, Au, and Ru metals reacts in contact with strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The focus on metal surfaces results from their future use as electrodes in high frequency biosensors, e.g., resonant circuits or transmission-line sections. First, the surfaces of different metals were chemically functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde or with 3-glycidylooxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) followed by N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl) iminodiacetic acid (AB-NTA) and NiCl2. Secondly, the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), polyclonal anti-Escherichia coli antibody and bacteriophage protein gp37 were tested as bacteria receptors. The selectivity and specificity have been confirmed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy at low landing energies. We noticed that LBP, polyclonal antibody, and gp37 were successfully immobilized on all studied metals and recognized the E. coli bacteria selectively. However, for the antibody, the highest reactivity was observed when Ti surface was modified, whereas the bacteria binding was comparable between LBP and gp37 on the functionalized Ru surfaces, independent from modification. Thus, all surfaces were biocompatible within the scope of biosensor functionality, with titanium functionalization showing the best performance.

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Low-Cost Microwave Vector System for Liquid Properties Monitoring

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Metal Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Technology for Volatile Organic Compound Detection in the Microwave Frequency Range

Metal Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Technology for Volatile Organic Compound Detection in the Microwave Frequency Range

High-Sensitivity Microwave Sensor for Liquid Characterization Using a Complementary Circular Spiral Resonator

Effectiveness of Sensors Contact Metallization (Ti, Au, and Ru) and Biofunctionalization for Escherichia coli Detection

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