Low-cost fabrication of Li2TiO3 tritium breeding ceramic pebbles via low-temperature solid-state precursor method

Fabrication of fine‐grained Li2TiO3 ceramic with enhanced performance using high‐energy ball milling

“…The appearance of the peak around 18.469° revealed the formation of β‐Li 2 TiO 3 (PDF # 33‐0831). According to the report, the minimum temperature for the formation of β‐Li 2 TiO 3 by the solid‐phase method is 500°C 26 . Therefore, the synthesis temperature of β‐Li 2 TiO 3 in this work was lower than that reported in the literature 21,26 .…”

“…It can be seen that the Gibbs free energy change is negative above 400°C, indicating Li 2 CO 3 and TiO 2 can react to form Li 2 TiO 3 at this temperature. But as far as we know, there are no reports on the synthesis of Li 2 TiO 3 by solid‐state reactions at such a low temperature 26 …”

“…According to the report, the minimum temperature for the formation of β‐Li 2 TiO 3 by the solid‐phase method is 500°C 26 . Therefore, the synthesis temperature of β‐Li 2 TiO 3 in this work was lower than that reported in the literature 21,26 . The reasons could be concluded as follows: (1) the specific surface area of powder mixtures enlarged remarkably after HEBM and thus created more reactive sites for Li 2 CO 3 and TiO 2 27–29 ; (2) HEBM resulted in the generation of defects, reducing the diffusion activation energy and the reaction temperature between Li 2 CO 3 and TiO 2 .…”

Review of ceramic materials and recent development of preparation methods

“…The classification of solid-state methods from various materials was reported from 2001 to 2017 presented in Table 5. In 2019, Hao et al demonstrated Lithium metal titanate (Li2TiO3) ceramic pebbles were fabricated from the powder synthesized via a low-temperature solid-state precursor method [84]. The schematic illustration flowchart as shown in Figure 6.…”

“…Cold Solid Precursor (LTSSP) method was developed to produce Li2TiO3 nanopowder using H2TiO3 as a titanium source. Since H2TiO3 is an intermediate product of the industrial production of TiO 2 , the LTSSP process is very economical and has the potential to be produced in large quantities [84].…”