“…The manufacturer of the station specifies a good measurement accuracy for the monitored variables [24]. Such stations, with Wi-Fi data transmission capabilities, are user-friendly, reliable for quick field assessments [25], and can be successfully employed in climatological scientific research [26]. The recorded values were averaged per day and then over the three consecutive days.…”
(1) Background: This study investigated the relationship between weather conditions, diurnal patterns, and total knee range of motion (ROM), as well as the severity of symptoms (pain and stiffness) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. (2) Methods: An exploratory longitudinal study was conducted on 28 older adults with knee osteoarthritis (mean age 71.86 ± 4.49 years; 46.4% men, 53.6% women). We used as assessment tools the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for self-reported local knee pain and stiffness, and goniometry for ROM. Measurements were taken twice, six months apart, in winter and summer, in the morning and evening of each selected day. Recorded weather factors comprised temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and maximum wind speed. (3) Results: The study revealed significant effects of season and time of day on pain and stiffness, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant interaction between season and time influenced total knee ROM (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between time and total knee ROM (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This research underscores the complex link between seasonal fluctuations and daily variations in some symptomatic and functional aspects of knee osteoarthritis in older adults.
“…The manufacturer of the station specifies a good measurement accuracy for the monitored variables [24]. Such stations, with Wi-Fi data transmission capabilities, are user-friendly, reliable for quick field assessments [25], and can be successfully employed in climatological scientific research [26]. The recorded values were averaged per day and then over the three consecutive days.…”
(1) Background: This study investigated the relationship between weather conditions, diurnal patterns, and total knee range of motion (ROM), as well as the severity of symptoms (pain and stiffness) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. (2) Methods: An exploratory longitudinal study was conducted on 28 older adults with knee osteoarthritis (mean age 71.86 ± 4.49 years; 46.4% men, 53.6% women). We used as assessment tools the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for self-reported local knee pain and stiffness, and goniometry for ROM. Measurements were taken twice, six months apart, in winter and summer, in the morning and evening of each selected day. Recorded weather factors comprised temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and maximum wind speed. (3) Results: The study revealed significant effects of season and time of day on pain and stiffness, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant interaction between season and time influenced total knee ROM (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between time and total knee ROM (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This research underscores the complex link between seasonal fluctuations and daily variations in some symptomatic and functional aspects of knee osteoarthritis in older adults.
“…A Cloud server along with Open Garden and a Wi-Fi module was used in [ 9 , 27 , 44 ], and one with edge computing was detailed in [ 23 ]. A comparison of blue and red LEDs checks for better efficiency in a smart hydroponic system [ 11 , 26 , 45 ].…”
Section: Related Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the increase in population and urbanization, farming land has decreased considerably, and the demand for food is increasing exponentially. Thus, vertical farming acts as a boon to urbanization and maintains the food supply as per demand sustainably [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”
Smart sensing devices enabled hydroponics, a concept of vertical farming that involves soilless technology that increases green area. Although the cultivation medium is water, hydroponic cultivation uses 13 ± 10 times less water and gives 10 ± 5 times better quality products compared with those obtained through the substrate cultivation medium. The use of smart sensing devices helps in continuous real-time monitoring of the nutrient requirements and the environmental conditions required by the crop selected for cultivation. This, in turn, helps in enhanced year-round agricultural production. In this study, lettuce, a leafy crop, is cultivated with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) setup of hydroponics, and the growth results are compared with cultivation in a substrate medium. The leaf growth was analyzed in terms of cultivation cycle, leaf length, leaf perimeter, and leaf count in both cultivation methods, where hydroponics outperformed substrate cultivation. The results of the ‘AquaCrop simulator also showed similar results, not only qualitatively and quantitatively, but also in terms of sustainable growth and year-round production. The energy consumption of both the cultivation methods is compared, and it is found that hydroponics consumes 70 ± 11 times more energy compared to substrate cultivation. Finally, it is concluded that smart sensing devices form the backbone of precision agriculture, thereby multiplying crop yield by real-time monitoring of the agronomical variables.
“…The system is low cost and intended to be easily scalable so that it is accessible to different applications, as seen in similar systems [31] , [32] , [33] . This project is part of an initiative to develop open hardware and open source projects that have an impact on the national economy, supports the democratization and access to information technology, and allows greater access to data supporting the U.N.’s Sustainable Development Goal target through the Indicators and Monitoring Framework “16.10: Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, following national legislation and international agreements” [34] .…”
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