Low-cost capacitive sensor for detecting palm-wood moisture content in real-time

Korkua, Suratsavadee K.; Sakphrom, Siraporn

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04555

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…From this study, it is necessary to highlight the produced equation that relates the Such error is explained by the amplitude of the results and the dispersion of the correlation between the oven moisture content and the voltage, especially in bales with higher moisture contents. This is consistent with the findings of Korkua, et al [14]. Therefore, it is necessary to collect further data to make the equation more robust.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The results are consistent with previous work using similar technology, despite differences in the studied materials. Kokua et al [14] reported a maximum mean error of 2.16% when using a coplanar dielectric device to measure palmwood moisture content, and Chetpattananondh et al [9] reported an RSME equal to 2.1% for a similar device.…”

Section: Calibration Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moisture Measurement in Paper and Cardboard Packaging Waste Bales for Recycling

Silveira¹,

Cardoso²,

Correia³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Moisture content is a quality issue raised by recycling plants in the acceptance of paper and cardboard coming from waste streams. The current way to measure this parameter is by the oven drying method, which is a slow and invasive process, costing time and resources for the recyclers to do this type of quality control. An alternative to such a measurement technique is the use of plate-form devices which indirectly measure the moisture content using the dielectric properties of water and paper. This study has tested this method and developed a representative equation for the use of devices with these properties in the Portuguese market. For that, 48 wastepaper and cardboard bales were tested with both the traditional (oven drying) method and a commercial device equipped with dielectric technology. An equation that fits the studied reality (R2 = 0.76) was achieved, and possible problems regarding the use of this device were tested. The results showed that this type of device could be used as a time- and cost-saving, non-destructive and reliable method in the quality control of wastepaper and cardboard bales.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Calibration Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture Measurement in Paper and Cardboard Packaging Waste Bales for Recycling

Silveira¹,

Cardoso²,

Correia³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Capacitive sensing by rapidly charging and discharging a positive ground electrode (capacitor) has gained increasing importance in the last decades in the industrial and automotive sectors. Its application to detect moisture content in materials (i.e., wood) and soils has been proven to be effective [24,[32][33][34][35][36]; however, its application to tree physiology is still under exploration [16,24,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and there are limited articles available on simultaneous stem water detection with sap flow monitoring at the same timescale [12,25,44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Continuous Stem Water Content and Sap Flux Density Monitoring: IoT-Based Solution for Detecting Changes in Stem Water Dynamics

Asgharinia

Leberecht

Marchesini

et al. 2022

Forests

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Taking advantage of novel IoT technologies, a new multifunctional device, the “TreeTalker”, was developed to monitor real-time ecophysical and biological parameters of individual trees, as well as climatic variables related to their surrounding environment, principally, air temperature and air relative humidity. Here, IoT applied to plant ecophysiology and hydrology aims to unravel the vulnerability of trees to climatic stress via a single tree assessment at costs that enable massive deployment. We present the performance of the TreeTalker to elucidate the functional relation between the stem water content in trees and respective internal/external (stem hydraulic activity/abiotic) drivers. Continuous stem water content records are provided by an in-house-designed capacitance sensor, hosted in the reference probe of the TreeTalker sap flow measuring system, based on the transient thermal dissipation (TTD) method. In order to demonstrate the capability of the TreeTalker, a three-phase experimental process was performed including (1) sensor sensitivity analysis, (2) sensor calibration, and (3) long-term field data monitoring. A negative linear correlation was demonstrated under temperature sensitivity analysis, and for calibration, multiple linear regression was applied on harvested field samples, explaining the relationship between the sample volumetric water content and the sensor output signal. Furthermore, in a field scenario, TreeTalkers were mounted on adult Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus petraea L. trees, from June 2020 to October 2021, in a beech-dominated forest near Marburg, Germany, where they continuously monitored sap flux density and stem volumetric water content (stem VWC). The results show that the range of stem VWC registered is highly influenced by the seasonal variability of climatic conditions. Depending on tree characteristics, edaphic and microclimatic conditions, variations in stem VWC and reactions to atmospheric events occurred. Low sapwood water storage occurs in response to drought, which illustrates the high dependency of trees on stem VWC under water stress. Consistent daily variations in stem VWC were also clearly detectable. Stem VWC constitutes a significant portion of daily transpiration (using TreeTalkers, up to 4% for the beech forest in our experimental site). The diurnal–nocturnal pattern of stem VWC and sap flow revealed an inverse relationship. Such a finding, still under investigation, may be explained by the importance of water recharge during the night, likely due to sapwood volume changes and lateral water distribution rather than by a vertical flow rate. Overall, TreeTalker demonstrated the potential of autonomous devices for monitoring sap density and relative stem VWC in the field of plant ecophysiology and hydrology.

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“…Cur rently, there are a large number of various sensors for measur ing the moisture content of oil [16]. Some of the known sen sors are of a high cost and at the same time of a low reliability, while others utilize outdated measurement technologies [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical and experimental research. Currently, there is a wide range of primary oil moisture sensors which, however, have a number of disadvantages, such as low accuracy, out Increasing the accuracy of measuring the moisture content of oil is also associated with the use of highly efficient second ary converters of information [17,18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the sensitivity of measurement of a moisture content in crude oil

Osadchuk¹,

Семенов²,

Zviahin³

et al. 2020

Nauk. visn. nat. hirn. univ.

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Purpose. Investigation of a moisture frequency transducer based on a moisture-sensitive capacitive element of a cylindrical structure with mesh electrodes for a system for measuring the amount and parameters of crude oil. Methodology. When constructing a moisture-sensitive element, an oscillatory method for measuring humidity was applied to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy while maintaining a low cost of the device. A moisture sensitive capacitive sensor based on a cylindrical structure with mesh electrodes was introduced into the measuring generator system based on a transistor structure with a negative differential resistance. Findings. Analytical expressions are obtained to describe the dielectric constant of an inhomogeneous mixture of water and oil. Using these equations, the capacitance of a moisture-sensitive sensor with mesh electrodes is calculated as a dependence of the moisture content of crude oil. It was determined that the capacitance of the moisture sensitive sensor increased from 20 to 44 pF when the mass moisture of crude oil changed from 0 to 30%. The sensitivity of the developed capacitive sensor is 0.8 pF/% when using a measuring device in the form of a crude oil pipeline with a diameter of 50 millimeters. Originality. A mathematical model has been developed for the primary transducer of the moisture content of crude oil based on a cylindrical capacitor structure with net-like electrodes, which allows determining the value of the capacitance of the primary transducer of the moisture content of crude oil. A self-oscillator device for controlling the moisture content of crude oil has been developed on the basis of the structure of bipolar and field-effect transistors with a cylindrical capacitor structure with mesh electrodes. Practical value. Circuitry solutions for a moisture transducer for crude oil have been developed. The results of experimental studies showed that for the selected version of the moisture converter circuit, the output signal frequency decreased in the range from 1.617 to 1.27 MHz with a change in the mass moisture content of the Turkmen mixture from 0 to 30%, respectively, and is close to a linear dependence. The wide frequency range of the output signal of the secondary converter with the frequency output of the measured information increases the accuracy of moisture measurement in crude oil by an order of magnitude.

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Low-cost capacitive sensor for detecting palm-wood moisture content in real-time

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Moisture Measurement in Paper and Cardboard Packaging Waste Bales for Recycling

Moisture Measurement in Paper and Cardboard Packaging Waste Bales for Recycling

Towards Continuous Stem Water Content and Sap Flux Density Monitoring: IoT-Based Solution for Detecting Changes in Stem Water Dynamics

Increasing the sensitivity of measurement of a moisture content in crude oil

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