Low-carbon hydrogen production via electron beam plasma methane pyrolysis: Techno-economic analysis and carbon footprint assessment

Kerscher, F.; Stary, Alexander; Gleis, S.; Ulrich, A.; Klein, Harald; Spliethoff, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.03.114

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Therefore, demonstrating that this process is energy unsustainable in an environmental context Desantes et al, 2020 This study compared the use of fuel cells, hydrogen and conventional engines for mid-size passenger vehicles in Europe. The study concluded that the global warming potential for these three engines over the lifetime of the vehicle were: Electric vehicle = 15,000 kg CO 2 eq Hydrogen = 9000 to 49,000 kg CO 2 eq Conventional diesel-based = 24,500 kg CO 2 eq Kerscher et al, 2021 The life cycle emissions of pyrolysis technologies are in the range of 1.9 to 6.4 kg CO 2 eq/kg H 2 , compared to state-of-the-art technology based on steam methane reforming technology 10.8 4 kg CO 2 eq/kg H 2 Kim et al, 2021 Molten carbonate fuel cell system analysed for environmental impacts in this study showed global warming potential as 0.3 kg CO 2 eq/kWh, abiotic depletion potential as 1.90 g Sb eq/kWh, acidification potential as 30.5 g SO 2 eq/kWh and eutrophication potential as 0.01 g PO 4 3− eq/kWh. The main cause for the impact was found to be the reforming of liquefied natural gas in the operation stage Li et al, 2021 This study calculated the environmental impacts of hydrogen production through coal gasification, natural gas steam reforming, thermochemical, water electrolysis via wind-power and thermochemical water splitting via Cu-Cl cycle in China.…”

Section: Key Findings and Recommendations For Future Life Cycle Assessment Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

et al. 2021

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Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of ‘affordable and clean energy’ of the United Nations. Here we review hydrogen production and life cycle analysis, hydrogen geological storage and hydrogen utilisation. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, methane pyrolysis and coal gasification. We compare the environmental impact of hydrogen production routes by life cycle analysis. Hydrogen is used in power systems, transportation, hydrocarbon and ammonia production, and metallugical industries. Overall, combining electrolysis-generated hydrogen with hydrogen storage in underground porous media such as geological reservoirs and salt caverns is well suited for shifting excess off-peak energy to meet dispatchable on-peak demand.

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Section: Key Findings and Recommendations For Future Life Cycle Assessment Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

et al. 2021

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“…Steam reforming is therefore represented twice in Figure 1. The carbon dioxide emissions resulting from steam reforming plants could be reduced by integrating carbon capture technologies, which are not yet state-of-the-art (TRLs 7-8) [13,14].…”

Section: Hydrogen-technology Options For Its Production and The Resul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Legislative Framework for Green Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis Plants in Germany

Ringsgwandl¹,

Schaffert

Brücken

et al. 2022

Energies

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(1) The German energy system transformation towards an entirely renewable supply is expected to incorporate the extensive use of green hydrogen. This carbon-free fuel allows the decarbonization of end-use sectors such as industrial high-temperature processes or heavy-duty transport that remain challenging to be covered by green electricity only. However, it remains unclear whether the current legislative framework supports green hydrogen production or is an obstacle to its rollout. (2) This work analyzes the relevant laws and ordinances regarding their implications on potential hydrogen production plant operators. (3) Due to unbundling-related constraints, potential operators from the group of electricity transport system and distribution system operators face lacking permission to operate production plants. Moreover, ownership remains forbidden for them. The same applies to natural gas transport system operators. The case is less clear for natural gas distribution system operators, where explicit regulation is missing. (4) It is finally analyzed if the production of green hydrogen is currently supported in competition with fossil hydrogen production, not only by the legal framework but also by the National Hydrogen Strategy and the Amendment of the Renewable Energies Act. It can be concluded that in recent amendments of German energy legislation, regulatory support for green hydrogen in Germany was found. The latest legislation has clarified crucial points concerning the ownership and operation of electrolyzers and the treatment of green hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier.

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“…Besides, our model in Section 4 can theoretically include a possible CO 2 footprint. In Germany, there are already a couple of companies promoting pyrolysis with a technology readiness level (TRL) of 6-8 based on different kinds of plasma arcs [21] like the German company Graforce [22], the British company HiiROC, or the Canada-based company Pyrogenesis. Here, using renewable energy, natural gas is decomposed into H 2 and carbon black without any or only insignificant CO 2 production on lifecycle basis.…”

Section: Different Colors Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As most authors do, we focus solely on the generation costs, not on the costs for setting up the infrastructure. Different authors expect that between 2030-2040 we will reach the break-even point between all technologies [6,21]. This is a straightforward assumption, since hydrogen itself is a homogenous good and consequently we face a Energies 2021, 14, 5720 5 of 19 Bertrand competition.…”

Section: Cost Structure Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future Is Colorful—An Analysis of the CO2 Bow Wave and Why Green Hydrogen Cannot Do It Alone

Döllen¹,

Hwang

Schlüter

2021

Energies

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In both the private and public sectors, green hydrogen is treated as a promising alternative to fossil energy commodities. However, building up production capacities involves significant carbon production, especially when considering secondary infrastructure, e.g., renewable power sources. The amount of required capacity as well as the carbon production involved is calculated in this article. Using Germany as an example we show that the switch to purely green hydrogen involves significant bow waves in terms of carbon production as well as financial and resource demand. An economic model for an optimal decision is derived and—based on empirical estimates—calibrated. It shows that, even if green hydrogen is a competitive technology in the future, using alternatives like turquoise hydrogen or carbon capture and storage is necessary to significantly reduce or even avoid the mentioned bow waves.

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Low-carbon hydrogen production via electron beam plasma methane pyrolysis: Techno-economic analysis and carbon footprint assessment

Cited by 46 publications

References 55 publications

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

Current Legislative Framework for Green Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis Plants in Germany

The Future Is Colorful—An Analysis of the CO2 Bow Wave and Why Green Hydrogen Cannot Do It Alone

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